- Carolingian dynasty (r. 800-888, 896-899)
- Ottonian dynasty (r. 962-1024)
- Salian dynasty (r. 1027-1125)
- Hohenstaufen dynasty (r. 1155-1197, 1220-1250)
- House of Luxembourg (r. 1312-1313, 1355-1437)
- House of Habsburg (r. 1452-1740)
- House of Lorraine (r. 1745-1765)
- House of Habsburg-Lorraine (r. 1765-1806)
Saturday, June 14, 2025
Collection of major Holy Roman Empire dynasties
This post is a collection of major Holy Roman Empire dynasties. There are 8 dynasties listed below chronologically. Source: Wikipedia
List of capitals in the Roman tetrarchy
This post is a list of capitals in the Roman tetrarchy (established 293 AD). There are 4 capitals listed below alphabetically. The modern city is in parentheses. Source: Wikipedia
- Augusta Treverorum (Trier, Germany)
- Mediolanum (Milan, Italy)
- Nicomedia (İzmit, Turkey)
- Sirmium (Sremska Mitrovica, Serbia)
Thursday, June 12, 2025
Top 10 countries by population in 1000
This post is a list of the top 10 countries by population (including possessions) in 1000 AD. Source: Wikipedia
- Song China: 32 - 80 million
- Chola Empire: 4 - 20 million
- Pala Empire: less than 16 - 17 million
- Holy Roman Empire: 11 - 12 million
- Fatimid Caliphate: 12 million
- Byzantine Empire: 12 million
- Western Chalukya Empire: 9 - 10 million
- Buyid Persia: 6 - 8 million
- Khitan Liao: 5 - 7 million
- Kingdom of France: 7 million
Top 10 countries by population in 1700
This post is a list of the top 10 countries by population (including possessions) in 1700. Source: Wikipedia
- Mughal Empire: 158 million
- Qing Empire: 100 - 150 million
- Ottoman Empire: 27 million
- Holy Roman Empire: 27 million
- Tokugawa Japan: 27 million
- Spanish Empire: 24 million
- French Republic: 21 million
- Russia Empire: 13 million
- Joseon: 13 million
- Safavid Iran: 10 million
List of deposed leaders during the Arab Spring
This post is a list of deposed leaders during the Arab Spring (2010-2012). There are 4 leaders listed below alphabetically by country. Source: Wikipedia
- Egypt: Hosni Mubarak (2011)
- Libya: Muammar Gaddafi (2011)
- Tunisia: Zine El Abidine Ben Ali (2011)
- Yemen: Ali Abdullah Saleh (2012)
Top 10 countries by HIV/AIDS population (2023-2025)
This post is a list of the top 10 countries by HIV/AIDS population. The statistics are from between 2023 and 2025. The percentage of the adult population is in parentheses. Source: Wikipedia
- South Africa: 9.4 million (14%)
- Tanzania: 3.3 million (7%)
- Mozambique: 2.4 million (12%)
- Nigeria: 2.4 million (2%)
- India: 2.3 million (0.2%)
- Kenya: 1.7 million (5%)
- Zimbabwe: 1.6 million (22%)
- Malawi: 1.6 million (11%)
- Uganda: 1.5 million (5%)
- United States: 1.4 million (0.4%)
Wednesday, June 11, 2025
Collection of seas in the Mediterranean Sea
This post is a collection of seas in the Mediterranean Sea. There are 14 seas listed below alphabetically. Source: Wikipedia
- Adriatic Sea
- Aegean Sea
- Alboran Sea
- Balearic Sea
- Crete Sea
- Ionian Sea
- Levantine Sea
- Libyan Sea
- Ligurian Sea
- Marmara Sea
- Myrtoan Sea
- Sardinia Sea
- Thracian Sea
- Tyrrhenian Sea
Tuesday, June 10, 2025
List of country history posts (present day)
This post is a list of country history posts (present day) for this blog. There are 196 countries listed below alphabetically.
- Afghanistan
- Albania
- Algeria
- Andorra
- Angola
- Antigua and Barbuda
- Argentina
- Armenia
- Australia
- Austria
- Azerbaijan
- Bahamas
- Bahrain
- Bangladesh
- Barbados
- Belarus
- Belgium
- Belize
- Benin
- Bhutan
- Bolivia
- Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Botswana
- Brazil
- Brunei
- Bulgaria
- Burkina Faso
- Burundi
- Cambodia
- Cameroon
- Canada
- Cape Verde
- Central African Republic
- Chad
- Chile
- China
- Colombia
- Comoros
- Costa Rica
- Croatia
- Cuba
- Cyprus
- Czech Republic
- Democratic Republic of Congo
- Denmark
- Djibouti
- Dominica
- Dominican Republic
- East Timor
- Ecuador
- Egypt (modern)
- El Salvador
- Equatorial Guinea
- Eritrea
- Estonia
- Eswatini
- Ethiopia
- Fiji
- Finland
- France
- Gabon
- Gambia
- Georgia
- Germany
- Ghana
- Greece
- Grenada
- Guatemala
- Guinea
- Guinea-Bissau
- Guyana
- Haiti
- Honduras
- Hong Kong
- Hungary
- Iceland
- India
- Indonesia
- Iran
- Iraq
- Ireland
- Israel
- Italy
- Ivory Coast
- Jamaica
- Japan
- Jordan
- Kazakhstan
- Kenya
- Kiribati
- Kosovo
- Kuwait
- Kyrgyzstan
- Laos
- Latvia
- Lebanon
- Lesotho
- Liberia
- Libya
- Liechtenstein
- Lithuania
- Luxembourg
- Madagascar
- Malawi
- Malaysia
- Maldives
- Mali
- Malta
- Marshall Islands
- Mauritania
- Mauritius
- Mexico
- Micronesia
- Moldova
- Monaco
- Mongolia
- Montenegro
- Morocco
- Mozambique
- Myanmar
- Namibia
- Nauru
- Nepal
- Netherlands
- New Zealand
- Nicaragua
- Niger
- Nigeria
- North Korea
- Norway
- North Macedonia
- Oman
- Pakistan
- Palau
- Panama
- Papua New Guinea
- Paraguay
- Peru
- Philippines
- Poland
- Portugal
- Qatar
- Republic of Congo
- Romania
- Russia
- Rwanda
- Samoa
- Saint Kitts and Nevis
- Saint Lucia
- Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
- São Tomé and Príncipe
- San Marino
- Saudi Arabia
- Senegal
- Serbia
- Seychelles
- Sierra Leone
- Singapore
- Slovakia
- Slovenia
- Solomon Islands
- Somalia
- South Africa
- South Korea
- South Sudan
- Spain
- Sri Lanka
- Sudan
- Suriname
- Sweden
- Switzerland
- Syria
- Taiwan
- Tajikistan
- Tanzania
- Thailand
- Togo
- Tonga
- Trinidad and Tobago
- Tunisia
- Turkey
- Turkmenistan
- Tuvalu
- Uganda
- Ukraine
- United Arab Emirates
- United Kingdom
- United States
- Uruguay
- Uzbekistan
- Vanuatu
- Venezuela
- Vietnam
- Yemen
- Zambia
- Zimbabwe
Collection of major British Empire colonies
This post is a collection of major British Empire colonies. There are 10 colonies listed below alphabetically.
- Australia
- Burma
- Canada
- Egypt
- India
- Kenya
- Nigeria
- New Zealand
- South Africa
- Thirteen Colonies
Sources
Collection of major Louis XIV wars
This post is a collection of major wars involving Louis XIV (reigned in France 1643-1715). There are 5 wars listed below chronologically.
- War of Devolution (1667-1668)
- Franco-Dutch War (1672-1678)
- War of the Reunions (1683-1684)
- Nine Years' War (1688-1697)
- War of Spanish Succession (1701-1714)
Sources
List of Georgian era kings of Britain
This post is a list of Georgian era kings of Britain. There are 5 kings listed below chronologically. Source: Wikipedia
- George I (1714-1727)
- George II (1727-1760)
- George III (1760-1820)
- George IV (1820-1830)
- William IV (1830-1837)
Monday, June 9, 2025
Collection of European wars of religion
This post is a collection of major European wars of religion (16th - 18th centuries). There are 15 wars listed below chronologically. Source
- Knights' War (1522-1523)
- German Peasants' War (1524-1525)
- Count's Feud (1534-1536)
- Schmalkaldic War (1546-1547)
- Second Schmalkaldic War (1552)
- French Wars of Religion (1562-1598)
- Eighty Years' War (c. 1566-1648)
- Cologne War (1583-1588)
- Strasbourg Bishops' War (1592-1604)
- Thirty Years' War (1618-1648)
- Wars of the Three Kingdoms (1639-1653)
- Savoyard-Waldensian wars (1655-1690)
- First War of Villmergen (1656)
- Nine Years' War (1688-1697)
- Toggenburg War (1712)
Sources
Wikipedia: European wars of religion, Category: European wars of religion, Knights' War, German Peasants' War, Count's Feud, Schmalkaldic War, Second Schmalkaldic War, French Wars of Religion, Eighty Years' War, Cologne War, Strasbourg Bishops' War, Thirty Years' War, Wars of the Three Kingdoms, Savoyard-Waldensian wars, First War of Villmergen, Nine Years' War, Toggenburg War
Sunday, June 1, 2025
List of Russo-Turkish wars
This post is a list of Russo-Turkish wars (1568-1918). There are 13 wars listed below chronologically. Source: Wikipedia
- First Russo-Turkish War (1568-1570)
- Russo-Crimean War (1571-1572)
- Second Russo-Turkish War (1676-1681)
- Third Russo-Turkish War* (1686-1700)
- Fourth Russo-Turkish War** (1710-1713)
- Fifth Russo-Turkish War (1735-1739)
- Sixth Russo-Turkish War (1768-1774)
- Seventh Russo-Turkish War (1787-1792)
- Eighth Russo-Turkish War (1806-1812)
- Ninth Russo-Turkish War (1828-1829)
- Crimean War (1853-1856)
- Tenth Russo-Turkish War (1877-1878)
- World War I (1914-1918)
* Part of the Great Turkish War
** Part of the Great Northern War
Collection of facts about the House of Habsburg
This post is a collection of facts about the House of Habsburg. There are 6 facts listed below. Source: Wikipedia
- Founded by Radbot of Klettgau in Switzerland (11th century)
- Rudolph elected King of the Romans (1273)
- Ruled Austria (13th century - 1918)
- Ruled Holy Roman Empire 1440-1740 and 1765-1806
- Family split between Spanish and German-Austrian branches (16th century)
- Also ruled Bohemia, Hungary, Croatia, Slavonia, Dalmatia, Portugal, Sicily, Lombardy-Venetia, Galicia-Lodomeria and Mexico
Collection of facts about the Capetian dynasty
This post is a collection of facts about the Capetian dynasty (987 - 1848). There are 7 facts listed below. Source: Wikipedia
- Founded by Hugh Capet (987 AD)
- Branch of Robertians and Karlings dynasties
- Ruled France 987-1792 and 1814-1848
- Charles IV died in 1328 ending senior line
- Succeeded by cadet branches House of Valois and House of Bourbon
- Louis Philippe I was the last Capetian ruler of France (r. 1830 - 1848)
- Ruled Portugal, Sicily, Naples, Navarre, Hungary, Croatia, Poland, Spain, Sardinia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Latin Empire and Brazil
Collection of famous Years' wars
This post is a collection of famous Years' wars. There are 6 wars listed below chronologically.
Hundred Years' War (1337 - 1453)
"...conflict between the kingdoms of England and France and a civil war in France... triggered by a claim to the French throne made by Edward III of England." (Wikipedia: Hundred Years' War, 5.31.25 UTC 01:04)
Eighty Years' War (c. 1566 - 1648)
"...conflict in the Habsburg Netherlands between disparate groups of rebels and the Spanish government. The causes of the war included the Reformation, centralization, excessive taxation and the rights and privileges of the Dutch nobility and cities." (Wikipedia: Eighty Years' War, 5.15.25 UTC 15:57)
Thirty Years' War (1618 - 1648)
"...origins in the 16th century Reformation, which led to religious conflict within the Holy Roman Empire... external drivers such as the French-Habsburg rivalry and the Dutch Revolt... After 1635, the Empire became one theater of a wider struggle between France, chiefly supported by Sweden and Emperor Ferdinand III, whose principal ally was Spain." (Wikipedia: Thirty Years' War, 5.31.25 UTC 16:09)
Nine Years' War (1688 - 1697)
"...between France and the Grand Alliance. Although largely concentrated in Europe, fighting spread to colonial possessions in the Americas, India and West Africa." (Wikipedia: Nine Years' War, 5.24.25 UTC 18:35)
Second Hundred Years' War (1689 - 1815)
"...series of military conflicts around the globe between Great Britain and France... such as the Nine Years' War, the War of the Spanish Succession, the War of the Austrian Succession, the Seven Years' War, the American Revolutionary War and the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars." (Wikipedia: Second Hundred Years' War, 5.18.25 UTC 22:11)
Seven Years' War (1756 - 1763)
"...Great Britain and Prussia versus France and Austria... centered on Austrian attempts to recover Silesia." (Wikipedia: Seven Years' War, 5.23.25 UTC 20:44)
Collection of facts about the Kievan Rus'
This post is a collection of facts about the Kievan Rus' (c. 880 - 1240). There are 9 facts listed below.
- Founded by Oleg the Wise (r. 879 - 912)
- Consisted of East Slavic tribes in Eastern Europe
- Ruled by Rurik dynasty (founded by Varangian prince Rurik in 862)
- Extended from White Sea to Black Sea and Vistula river to Taman Peninsula
- Fought against Khazars
- Sviatoslav I ruled 943 - 972
- Vladimir the Great ruled 980 - 1015
- Yaroslav the Wise ruled 1019 - 1054
- Fell to Mongol invasions (13th century)
Sources
Wikipedia: Kievan Rus', Rurik
Collection of facts about the Phoenicians
This post is a collection of facts about the Phoenicians (c. 2500 - 64 BC). There are 7 facts listed below. Source: Wikipedia
- Originally based on Levant coast
- Succeeded Canaanites
- Maritime trade network and city-states in Mediterranean Sea
- Network included Mesopotamia, Greece, Egypt, Carthage, Cyprus, Iberian Peninsula, Tyre, Sidon and Byblos
- Decline due to Neo-Assyrian and Achaemenid conquests
- World's oldest verified alphabet
- Influenced Syriac script, Arabic script and Greek alphabet
List of Roman civilization historical periods
This post is a list of Roman civilization historical periods. There are 3 periods listed below chronologically.
Roman Kingdom (c. 753 - 509 BC)
"...settlements around the Palatine Hill along the river Tiber in central Italy, and ended with the overthrow of the kings and the establishment of the Republic..." (Wikipedia: Roman Kingdom, 6.1.25 UTC 05:01 UTC)
Roman Republic (c. 509 - 27 BC)
"During this period, Rome's control expanded form the city's immediate surroundings to hegemony over the entire Mediterranean world... There were annual elections, but the republican system was an elective oligarchy, not a democracy... Throughout the republican era Rome was in a state of near-perpetual war." (Wikipedia: Roman Republic, 5.30.25 UTC 19:28)
Roman Empire (27 BC - 476 AD / 1453 AD)
"The first two centuries of the Empire saw a period of unprecedented stability and prosperity known as the Pax Romana... In the 3rd century, the Empire underwent a 49-year crisis that threatened its existence due to civil war, plagues and barbarian invasions... Theodosius I, the last emperor to rule over both East and West, died in 395... In 476 by Odoacer, the Western Empire finally collapsed. The Byzantine (Eastern Roman) Empire survived for another millennium with Constantinople as its sole capital, until the city's fall in 1453." (Wikipedia: Roman Empire, 5.26.25 UTC 22:37)
Collection of facts about ancient Carthage
This post is a collection of facts about ancient Carthage (c. 814 - 146 BC). There are 10 facts listed below. Source: Wikipedia
- Settled by Phoenicians (814 BC)
- Based in Tunisia and North Africa
- Gained independence in 7th century BC
- Carthage was capital city
- Naval dominance in western Mediterranean Sea
- Occupied northwest Africa, southeast Iberian Peninsula, Sicily, Sardinia, Corsica and Malta
- Fought Berbers and Sicilian Greeks
- Fought Roman Repbulic in the Punic Wars (264 - 146 BC)
- Carthage destroyed in Third Punic War (146 BC)
- Conquered by Roman Republic (146 BC)
Collection of facts about the Ptolemaic Kingdom
This post is a collection of facts about the Ptolemaic Kingdom (305 - 30 BC). There are 8 facts listed below.
- Founded by Macedonian general Ptolemy I Soter (305 BC)
- Alexander the Great conquered Egypt in 332 BC
- Ptolemaic dynasty was the final Egyptian dynasty
- Capital city was Alexandria
- Fought Seleucid Empire in the Syrian Wars (3rd - 2nd centuries BC)
- Expanded to Libya, Sinai and northern Nubia
- Final Ptolemaic ruler Cleopatra VII dies (30 BC)
- Annexed by Roman Empire (30 BC)
Sources
Wikipedia: Ptolemaic Kingdom, Syrian Wars
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