- Kunda culture (8500 - 5000 BC)
- Narva culture (5th millennium BC)
- Corded Ware culture (2900 - 2350 BC)
- Roman Iron Age (50 - 450 AD)
- Viking raids (11th century)
- State of the Teutonic Order (1226-1525)
- Livonian Crusade (13th century)
- Terra Mariana (1207-1561)
- Duchy of Estonia (1219-1346, 1559-1645)
- Livonian War (1558-1583)
- Polish-Lithuania Commonwealth occupies Lithuania (1582-1583)
- Swedish Empire occupies Estonia (1561-1710)
- Great North War (1700-1721)
- Russian Empire annexes Estonia (1710)
- World War I (1914-1918)
- Germany occupies Estonia (1917-1918)
- Estonia declares independence (1918)
- Estonian War of Independence (1918-1920)
- World War II (1939-1945)
- Holocaust (1941-1945)
- Soviet Union annexes Estonia (1940)
- Germany occupies Estonia (1941-1944)
- Estonia regains independence (1991)
- Estonia joins the European Union (2004)
- Cyberattacks on Estonia (2007)
(This post includes any nation or civilization that occupied at least a portion of Estonia at some point. Unless specified otherwise, the dates correspond to when a nation or civilization existed, but do not necessarily correspond to occupation of Estonia.)
