- Khoisan, Bantu, Swazi and Ndwandwe cultures (Pre-European era)
- Dutch Trekboers arrive (1840's)
- South African Republic attempts to annex Eswatini (1868)
- Britain recognizes Swaziland independence (1881)
- South African Republic annexes Eswatini (1894)
- Second Boer War (1899-1902)
- British Swaziland Protectorate (1906-1968)
- Swaziland gains independence (1968)
- Renamed to Eswatini (2018)
(This post includes any nation or civilization that occupied at least a portion of Eswatini at some point. Unless specified otherwise, the dates correspond to when a nation or civilization existed, but do not necessarily correspond to occupation of Eswatini.)
