List of German (non-HRE) political leaders (level 4 vital articles on Wikipedia)

This post is a list of German (non-HRE) political leaders (level 4 vital articles on Wikipedia). There are 14 political leaders listed below chronologically. Source: Wikipedia

Charles the Fat (839 - 888 AD)

"...emperor of the Carolingian Empire from 881 to 887... great-grandson of Charlemagne... Granted lordship over Alamannia in 876, following the division of East Francia, he succeeded to the Italian throne... reunited the kingdom of East Francia... inherited all of West Francia, thus reunited the entire Carolingian Empire." (Wikipedia: Charles the Fat, 1.27.26 UTC 00:42)

Henry the Lion (c. 1129-1195)

"...Duke of Saxony (ruled 1142-1180)... Duke of Bavaria (ruled 1156-1180)... member of the Welf dynasty... decisive part in 1152 in his cousin Frederick Barbarossa's campaign for the throne... difficulties when Henry refused to send military assistance in 1176 for Barbarossa's invasion of Italy... Hohenstaufen dynasty succeeded in isolating him... territory stretching form the coast of the North and Baltic seas to the Alps, and from Westphalia to Pomerania..." (Wikipedia: Henry the Lion, 1.27.26 UTC 21:19)

Frederick William I of Prussia (1688-1740)

"...King in Prussia and Elector of Brandenburg... Prince of Neuchâtel... doubling the Prussian Army... financial reorganization, imposing taxes and stringent regulations on public servants... prioritized military expansion over colonial investments..." (Wikipedia: Frederick William I of Prussia, 2.15.26 UTC 18:10)

Frederick the Great (1712-1786)

"...monarch of Prussia... annexing Royal Prussia from the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1772... success in the Silesian wars, reorganization of the Prussian Army, the First Partition of Poland... patronage of the arts and the Enlightenment... Prussia greatly increased its territories... influential military theorist..." (Wikipedia: Frederick the Great, 2.3.26 UTC 03:11)

Wilhelm I (1797-1888)

"...King of Prussia from 1861 and German Emperor from 1871... member of the House of Hohenzollern... fought with distinction during the War of the Sixth Coalition... crushing the Revolutions of 1848 in Germany... appointed Otto von Bismarck to the post of Minister President... victories in the Second Schleswig War and the Austro-Prussian War... unification of Germany was achieved following the Franco-Prussian War..." (Wikipedia: Wilhelm I, 2.14.26 UTC 22:20)

Otto von Bismarck (1815-1898)

"...diplomat who oversaw the unification of Germany and served as its first chancellor from 1871 to 1890... minister president and foreign minister of Prussia... replaced the German Confederation with the North German Confederation... while excluding Austria... created the first welfare state, with the goal of undermining his socialist opponents... fought the Catholic Church, in what was called the Kulturkampf... (Wikipedia: Otto von Bismarck, 2.16.26 UTC 02:13)

Wilhelm II (1859-1941)

"...last German Emperor and King of Prussia... end of the German Empire... dismissed the longtime Chancellor Otto von Bismarck... became Europe's largest manufacturer... massive naval build-up... promoting scientific innovation... guarantee of military support to Austria-Hungary... plunged all of Europe into World War I... delegation of power gave rise to a de facto military dictatorship... abdicated during the German Revolution of 1918-1919..." (Wikipedia: Wilhelm II, 2.16.26 UTC 07:24)

Adolf Hitler (1889-1945)

"...dictator of Germany during the Nazi era... chancellor of Germany in 1933... Führer und Reichskanzler in 1934... invasion of Poland on September 1st, 1939 marked the outbreak of the Second World War... perpetration of the Holocaust, the genocide of about six million Jews and millions of other victims... In 1923, he attempted to seize governmental power in a failed coup... political manifesto Mein Kampf... promoting pan-Germanism, antisemitism, and anti-communism with charismatic oratory and Nazi propaganda... aggressive, expansionist foreign policy..." (Wikipedia: Adolf Hitler, 2.16.26 UTC 06:34)

Joseph Goebbels (1897-1945)

"...chief propagandist for the Nazi Party, and then Reich Minister of Propaganda... one of Adolf Hitler's closest and most devoted followers... advocated for progressively harsher discrimination, including the extermination of Jews and other groups in the Holocaust... In accordance with Hitler's will, Goebbels succeeded him as Chancellor of Germany; he served one day in this post." (Wikipedia: Joseph Goebbels, 1.31.26 UTC 20:58)

Konrad Adenauer (1876-1967)

"...first chancellor of West Germany from 1949 to 1963... leader of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU)... one of the founding fathers of the European Union... serving as Mayor of Cologne 1917 to 1933... president of the Prussian State Council... worked to restore the West German economy... market-based liberal democracy... anti-communist... joined NATO." (Wikipedia: Konrad Adenauer, 2.16.26 UTC 03:17)

Erich Honecker (1912-1994)

"...German communist politician who led... East Germany from 1971 until shortly before the fall of the Berlin Wall in November 1989... viewed as a dictator... close ties to the Soviet Union... imprisoned by the Nazis... prime organizer of the building of the Berlin Wall... moved towards the international community... becoming a full member of the UN... extradited back to Germany in 1992... stand trial for his role in the human rights abuses..." (Wikipedia: Erich Honecker, 1.26.26 UTC 17:43)

Willy Brandt (1913-1992)

"...leader of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD)... chancellor of West Germany from 1969 to 1974... governing mayor of West Berlin... focused on strengthening European integration..." (Wikipedia: Willy Brandt, 2.13.26 UTC 02:05)

Helmut Kohl (1930-2017)

"...chancellor of Germany... from 1982 to 1998... leader of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU)... oversaw the end of the Cold War, the German reunification and the creation of the European Union... Maastricht Treaty which established the EU and the Euro currency... moved the federal capital from the 'provisional capital' Bonn back to Berlin..." (Wikipedia: Helmut Kohl, 2.6.26 UTC 13:00)

Angela Merkel (1954 - now)

"...chancellor of Germany from 2005 to 2021... leader of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU)... entered politics in the wake of the Revolutions of 1989... emphasized international cooperation, both in the context of the EU and NATO, and initiating the Russian reset... managed the 2008 financial crisis and the Euro area crisis." (Wikipedia: Angela Merkel, 1.24.26 UTC 09:07)

License: CC BY-SA 4.0

List of Japanese political leaders (level 4 vital articles on Wikipedia)

This post is a list of Japanese political leaders (level 4 vital articles on Wikipedia). There are 9 political leaders listed below chronologically. Source: Wikipedia

Oda Nobunaga (1534-1582)

"...Japanese samurai and daimyō... one of the leading figures of the Sengoku and Azuchi-Momoyama periods... regarded as the first 'Great Unifier' of Japan... consolidating power, as head of the very powerful Oda clan, through a series of wars... overthrowing the nominally ruling shogun Ashikaga Yoshiaki and dissolving the Ashikaga Shogunate... conquered most of Honshu... defeated the Ikkō-ikki..." (Wikipedia: Oda Nobunaga, 2.8.26 UTC 15:34)

Toyotomi Hideyoshi (1537-1598)

"...Japanese samurai and daimyō... regarded as the second 'Great Unifier' of Japan... earning the rank and title of Kampaku and Daijō-daijin, the highest official position and title in the nobility class... defeated Akechi Mitsuhide at the Battle of Yamazaki... conquered Shikoku in 1585 and Kyūshū in 1587... winning the Siege of Odawara... crushing the Kunohe rebellion... launched the Japanese invasions of Korea..." (Wikipedia: Toyotomi Hideyoshi, 2.10.26 UTC 17:52)

Tokugawa Ieyasu (1543-1616)

"...Japanese samurai, daimyō, and the first shōgun of the Tokugawa Shogunate... third of the three 'Great Unifiers' of Japan... serving as ally, vassal and general of the Oda clan... became the most senior officer under the Toyotomi regime... seized power in 1600... implemented a set of careful rules known as the bakuhan system..." (Wikipedia: Tokugawa Ieyasu, 2.10.26 UTC 22:48)

Emperor Meiji (1852-1912)

"...122nd emperor of Japan... associated with the Meiji Restoration of 1868, which ended the Tokugawa shogunate... transformed Japan from an isolationist, feudal state to an industrialized world power... after the death of his father Emperor Kōmei in 1867, it triggered the Boshin War, in which samurai defeated the shogunate... establishment of the Cabinet in 1885, Privy Council in 1888, Imperial Diet in 1890... victories over China in the First Sino-Japanese War and over Russia in the Russo-Japanese War..." (Wikipedia: Emperor Meiji, 2.9.26 UTC 19:53)

Itō Hirobumi (1841-1909)

"...first prime minister of Japan... member of the genrō, a group of senior statesmen who effectively dictated policy for the Empire of Japan during the Meiji era... central role in the drafting of the 1889 Meiji Constitution as well as the establishment of the National Diet... founded the Rikken Seiyūkai political party... Japan-Korea Treaty of 1905 made Itō the first Resident-General of Korea." (Wikipedia: Itō Hirobumi, 1.26.26 UTC 16:46)

Hideki Tojo (1884-1948)

"...Japanese military officer... Prime Minister of Japan from 1941 to 1944 during World War II... presiding over numerous war crimes, including the mass killing and enslavement of millions of civilians and prisoners of war... alliance with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy... attack on Pearl Harbor... tried by the International Military Tribunal for the Far East... executed by hanging..." (Wikipedia: Hideki Tojo, 2.10.26 UTC 15:40)

Hirohito (1901-1989)

"...124th emperor of Japan... reigning from 1926 until his death in 1989... presided over the rise of Japanese militarism, the Japanese invasion of Manchuria, the Second Sino-Japanese War, the Asia-Pacific theater of World War II, and the nation's postwar economic miracle... never prosecuted for war crimes... Under Japan's new constitution, drafted by U.S. officials and enacted in 1947, his role as emperor was redefined..." (Wikipedia: Hirohito, 2.16.26 UTC 03:50)

Eisaku Satō (1901-1975)

"...prime minister of Japan from 1964 to 1972... securing the return of Okinawa in 1972... entered the National Diet in 1949... presided over a period of rapid economic growth... oversaw normalization of diplomatic relations with South Korea and maintained close relations with the United States... introduced the 'Three Non-Nuclear Principles'... signed the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty..." (Wikipedia: Eisaku Satō, 1.3.26 UTC 13:29)

Shinzo Abe (1954-2022)

"...Prime Minister of Japan and President of the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) from 2006 to 2007 and again from 2012 to 2020... conservative and member of the ultranationalist organization Nippon Kaigi... right-wing stances including downplaying Japanese atrocities in textbooks... attempted to counter Japan's economic stagnation with 'Abenomics'... reinstating the Trans-Pacific Partnership..." (Wikipedia: Shinzo Abe, 2.12.26 UTC 21:53)

License: CC BY-SA 4.0

List of Spanish political leaders (level 4 vital articles on Wikipedia)

This post is a list of Spanish political leaders (level 4 vital articles on Wikipedia). There are 6 political leaders listed below chronologically. Source: Wikipedia

Isabella I of Castile (1451-1504)

"...Queen of Castile and León... also Queen of Aragon... wife of King Ferdinand II... end of the Reconquista and also the start of the Spanish Empire... won the War of the Castilian Succession... Alhambra Decree which ordered the expulsion of Jews from Spain, initiating the Spanish Inquisition... financing Christopher Columbus's 1492 voyage to the New World..." (Wikipedia: Isabella I of Castile, 2.12.26 UTC 18:34)

Ferdinand II of Aragon (1452-1516)

"...King of Aragon... husband and co-ruler of Queen Isabella I of Castile, he was also King of Castile... together they are known as the Catholic Monarchs... sponsoring the first voyage of Christopher Columbus in 1492... defeated Granada, the last Muslim state in Western Europe... conquered the Kingdom of Naples... conquered most of the Kingdom of Navarre..." (Wikipedia: Ferdinand II of Aragon, 1.30.25 UTC 19:09)

Philip II of Spain (1527-1598)

"...King of Spain from 1556, King of Portugal from 1580, and King of Naples and Sicily from 1554... also jure uxoris King of England and Ireland from his marriage to Queen Mary I in 1554... Duke of Milan from 1540... Lord of the Seventeen Provinces of the Netherlands... son of Emperor Charles V and Isabella of Portugal... following a dynastic crisis, forming the Iberian Union... Spanish conquests of the Inca Empire and the Philippines... during the Eighty Years' War, signed the Treaty of Joinville..." (Wikipedia: Philip II of Spain, 2.14.26 UTC 09:57)

Philip V of Spain (1683-1746)

"...king of Spain... total reign is the longest in the history of Spanish monarchy... his ascent to the throne precipitated the War of the Spanish Succession... born into the French House of Bourbon... his great-uncle King Charles II of Spain was childless... Charles named Philip as his heir in his will... removed the Spanish Netherlands and Spanish-controlled territories in Italy from the Spanish monarchy..." (Wikipedia: Philip V of Spain, 12.31.25 UTC 00:46)

Francisco Franco (1892-1975)

"...Spanish general who led the Nationalist forces in overthrowing the Second Spanish Republic during the Spanish Civil War... ruled over Spain from 1939 until his death in 1975... recognized as a fascist leader... repression of political opponents... forced labor, concentration camps and executions after the war... leader in the anti-communist movement..." (Wikipedia: Francisco Franco, 2.10.26 UTC 14:50)

Juan Carlos I (1938 - now)

"...member of the Spanish royal family who reigned as King of Spain from 1975 until his abdication in 2014... was expected to continue Franco's legacy but instead introduced reforms to dismantle the Francoist regime and to begin the Spanish transition to democracy..." (Wikipedia: Juan Carlos I, 2.13.26 UTC 08:33)

License: CC BY-SA 4.0

List of Caliphate political leaders (level 4 vital articles on Wikipedia)

This post is a list of Caliphate political leaders (level 4 vital articles on Wikipedia). There are 6 political leaders listed below chronologically. Source: Wikipedia

Abu Bakr (c. 573 - 634 AD)

"...first caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate... accompanied Muhammad on his migration to Medina... served as the first amir al-hajj in 631... overcame a number of uprisings, collectively known as the Ridda Wars... expanded the rule of the Muslim state over the entire Arabian Peninsula... incursions into the neighboring Sasanian and Byzantine empires... credited for the compilation of the Quran..." (Wikipedia: Abu Bakr, 2.13.26 UTC 13:45)

Umar (c. 583 - 644 AD)

"...second Rashidun caliph... He participated in nearly all of Muhammad's battles and expeditions... pledged allegiance to Abu Baker... served as his chief adviser... conquering the Sasanian Empire and more than two-thirds of the Byzantine Empire... lifted the Christian ban on Jews entering Jerusalem... introducing the Hijri Calendar... In Twelver Shia tradition, however, he is viewed negatively." (Wikipedia: Umar, 2.13.26 UTC 12:47)

Uthman (c. 573 - 656 AD)

"...third caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate... a second cousin, son-in-law, and senior companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad... compilation of the standardized version of the Quran... expanded further into Persia and reached as far as the provinces of Khurasan and Tranxoxiana in the East as well as Ifriqiya and the Iberian Peninsula in the West... Sunni Muslim tradition considers him the third rightly-guided caliph." (Wikipedia: Uthman, 2.15.26 UTC 04:11)

Mu'awiya I (c. 597 - 605 AD)

"...founder and first caliph of the Umayyad Caliphate... one of Muhammad's scribes... commander in the conquest of Syria... becoming governor of Syria... directed the war effort against the Byzantine Empire... opposed the election of Ali. During the First Fitna, the two led their armies to a stalemate... failed siege of Constantinople... conquest of Ifriqiya... In Shia Islam, Mu'awiya is reviled for opposing Ali..." (Wikipedia: Mu'awiya I, 1.23.26 UTC 11:26)

Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan (c. 644 - 705 AD)

"...fifth Umayyad caliph... held administrative and military posts under Caliph Mu'awiya I... and this own father, Caliph Marwan I... failed invasion of Iraq... focused on securing Syria... unfavorable truce with the reinvigorated Byzantine Empire... conquered Zubayrid Iraq... war with Byzantium resumed... conquests of western North Africa and the Iberian Peninsula... founding of the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem..." (Wikipedia: Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan,

Harun al-Rashid (c. 763 - 809 AD)

"...fifth Abbasid caliph... beginning of the Islamic Golden Age... established the legendary library Bayt al-Hikma in Baghdad... moved his court and government to Raqqa... hostilities broke out with Byzantium... Frankish mission came to offer Harun friendship in 799." (Wikipedia: Harun al-Rashid, 2.8.26 UTC 16:24)

License: CC BY-SA 4.0

Jon Postel and the internet

Jon Postel (1943-1998) was an American computer scientist best known for his contributions to Request for Comment (RFC), Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) and Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA). There are 4 quotes listed below.

1. "The internet works because a lot of people cooperate to do things together." (NetWorker Magazine, 1997)

2. "There was one issue on which there seemed to be almost unanimity: the internet should not be managed by any government, national or multinational." (AZQuotes.com)

3. "That was clearly surprising, interesting - a very interesting milestone was when you can pick up a magazine and read an article about some sort of computer related thing and they mention the word internet without explaining it." (AZQuotes.com)

4. "Years ago when you'd go to a working group most of the people in the networking group would be from universities. Now most of the people are from companies who are building internet products and care what the standards turn out to be."

List of Mongol Empire political leaders (level 4 vital articles on Wikipedia)

This post is a list of Mongol Empire political leaders (level 4 vital articles on Wikipedia). There are 7 political leaders listed below chronologically. Source: Wikipedia

Genghis Khan (c. 1162-1227)

"...founder and first khan of the Mongol Empire... spending most of his life uniting the Mongol tribes... large-scale raid into the neighboring Western Xia... campaign against the Jin dynasty... annexed Central Asian state of Qara Khitai... invaded the Khwarazmian Empire... The Mongol army under Genghis killed millions of people..." (Wikipedia: Genghis Khan, 2.13.26 UTC 19:24)

Jochi (c. 1182-1225)

"...ruled over the khanate of the Golden Horde... son of Börte, the first wife of the Mongol leader Genghis Khan... both Chagatai and Jochi being excluded from the line of succession to the Mongol throne... commander during the invasion of the Khwarazmian Empire..." (Wikipedia: Jochi, 1.9.26 UTC 12:39)

Ögedei Khan (c. 1186-1241)

"...second khan of the Mongol Empire... third son of Genghis Khan... role in the Mongol invasion of the Khwarazmian Empire... second invasion of Persia... began to subjugate Georgia... invasions of Korea... completed Mongol conquest of the Jin dynasty... skirmished with the Song dynasty..." (Wikipedia: Ögedei Khan, 2.14.26 UTC 09:27)

Batu Khan (c. 1205-1255)

"...ruler and founder of the Golden Horde, a constituent of the Mongol Empire... son of Jochi... ruled over the Kievan Rus, Volga Bulgaria, Cumania, and the Caucasus... (Wikipedia: Batu Khan, 12.14.25 UTC 00:20)

Kublai Khan (1215-1294)

"...founder and the first emperor of the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty of China... second son of Tolui... and a grandson of Genghis Khan... defeated his younger brother Ariq Böke, in the Toluid Civil War... marked the beginning of the division of the Mongol Empire... By 1279, the Yuan conquest of the Song dynasty was completed... (Wikipedia: Kublai Khan, 2.10.26 UTC 22:14)

Hulegu Khan (c. 1217-1265)

"...son of Tolui... a grandson of Genghis Khan and a brother of Ariq Böke, Möngke Khan, and Kublai Khan... expanded the southwestern portion of the Mongol Empire, founding the Ilkhanate in Persion... sacked and destroyed Baghdad, ending the Islamic Golden Age and the Abbasid dynasty." (Wikipedia: Hulegu Khan, 2.5.26 UTC 11:00)

Tokhtamysh (c. 1342-1406)

"...Khan of the Golden Horde... briefly succeeded in consolidating the Blue and White Hordes into a single polity... belonged to the House of Borjigin... expedition to the Russian principalities, besieging and sacking Moscow... military confrontations with his former protector Timur, who invaded the Golden Horde... (Wikipedia: Tokhtamysh, 2.2.26 UTC 21:47)

License: CC BY-SA 4.0

List of Indian political leaders (level 4 vital articles on Wikipedia)

This post is a list of Indian political leaders (level 4 vital articles on Wikipedia). There are 28 political leaders listed below chronologically. Source: Wikipedia

Ajatashatru (5th - 4th century BC)

"...Haryanka dynasty of Magadha in East India... forcefully took over the kingdom of Magadha from his father... fought a war again the Vajjika League... conquered the republic of Vaishali... war between Magadha and Kosala... occupied Kashi..." (Wikipedia: Ajatashatru, 1.19.26 UTC 21:52)

Chandragupta Maurya (c. 350 - 297 BC)

"...founder and the first emperor of the Maurya Empire based in Magadha... started a war against the unpopular Nanda dynasty... raised an army to resist the Greeks, defeated them, and took control of the eastern Indus Valley." (Wikipedia: Chandragupta, 2.3.26 UTC 10:47)

Ashoka (c. 304 - 232 BC)

"...Emperor of Magadha... His empire covered a large part of the Indian subcontinent, stretching from present-day Afghanistan in the west to present-day Bangladesh in the east... patron of Buddhism... conquered Kalinga..." (Wikipedia: Ashoka:2.13.26 UTC 16:00)

Menander I (c. 180 - 130 BC)

"...Indo-Greek king... territory in the northwestern regions of the Indian subcontinent and Central Asia... patron of Greco-Buddhism... conquering the Punjab, as far as Taxila and Sagala..." (Wikipedia: Menander I, 2.11.26 UTC 14:57)

Kanishka (2nd century AD)

"...emperor of the Kushan dynasty, under whose reign the empire reached its zenith... extending from Central Asia and Gandhara to Pataliputra on the Gangetic plain... development of the Silk Road, and in the transmission of Mahayana Buddhism..." (Wikipedia: Kanishka, 2.6.26 UTC 13:13)

Samudragupta (4th century AD)

"...second emperor of the Gupta Empire... extended from Ravi River in the west to the Brahmaputra River in the east, and from the Himalayan foothills in the north to central India in the south-west..." (Wikipedia: Samudragupta, 2.7.26 UTC 17:18)

Chandragupta II (4th - 5th century AD)

"...emperor of the Gupta Empire... continued expansionist policy of his father Samudragupta... indirectly ruled over the Kuntala region... effectively integrated the Vakataka kingdom..." (Wikipedia: Chandragupta II, 2.10.26 UTC 22:43)

Harsha (590 - 647 AD)

"...emperor of Kannauj... king of Thanesar who defeated the Alchon Huns... expanded into a vast realm in northern India... defeated by the Emperor Pulakeshin II of the Chalukya dynasty in the Battle of Narmada..." (Wikipedia: Harsha, 11.14.25 UTC 15:36)

Rajaraja I (c. 992 - 1014 AD)

"...Chola emperor... conquests of southern India and the Anuradhapura kingdom of Sri Lanka... vast territories, including regions of the Pandya country, the Chera country, and northern Sri Lanka... campaigns against Western Gangas and the Western Chalukyas..." (Wikipedia: Rajaraja I, 2.12.26 UTC 01:28)

Prithviraj Chauhan (1166-1192)

"...king from the Chauhan dynasty who ruled the territory of Sapadalaksha... defeating the Chandelas... Muhammad of Ghor returned with an army of Turkish mounted archers and defeated the Rajput army... Prithviraj was captured and summarily executed..." (Wikipedia: Prithviraj Chauhan, 10.27.25 UTC 12:47)

Alauddin Khalji (c. 1266-1316)

"...Sultan of Delhi... successfully fended off several Mongol invasions... conquered kingdoms of Gujarat, Jaisalmer, Ranthambor, Chittor, Malwar, Siwana and Jalore... campaigns to the south of the Vindhyas... raided the Pandya kingdom..." (Wikipedia: Alauddin, 12.2125 UTC 16:58)

Krishnadevaraya (1471-1529)

"...emperor of the Vijayanagara Empire... third ruler of the Tuluva dynasty... defeating the sultans of Bijapur, Golconda, the Bahmani Sultanate, and the Gajapatis of Odisha... conquest of the Raichur Doab... golden age of Telugu literature..." (Wikipedia: Krishnadevaraya, 11.23.25 UTC 15:15)

Sher Shah Suri (c. 1472-1545)

"...Sultan of Hindustan, as the first Sur Emperor... established the Sur Empire after defeating the Mughal Empire... covered nearly all of Northern India... conquering Punjab, Malwa, Marwar, Mewar and Bundelkhand... (Wikipedia: Sher Shah Suri, 2.5.26 UTC 06:27)

Babur (1483-1530)

"...founder of the Mughal Empire... descendant of Timur and Genghis Khan... conquered Samarkand... conquered Kabul... losing Samarkand for a third time... defeated Ibrahim Lodi, the Sultan of Delhi... Battle of Khanwa..." (Wikipedia: Babur, 2.6.26 UTC 23:27) 

Humayun (1508-1556)

"...second Mughal emperor... ruled over territory in what is now eastern Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Northern India, and Pakistan... succeeded his father Babur... lost his entire empire to Sher Shah Suri but regained it 15 years later..." (Wikipedia: Humayun, 2.10.26 UTC 14:54)

Akbar (1542-1605)

"...third Mughal emperor... led a successful campaign to unify the various kingdoms of Hindustan or India proper... established centralized system of administration... developed a strong and stable economy, which tripled in size and wealth... (Wikipedia: Akbar, 2.7.26 UTC 23:12)

Shah Jahan (1592-1666)

"...fifth Mughal Emperor... zenith of Mughal architectural and cultural achievements... military campaigns against the Sisodia Rajputs of Mewar and the rebel Lodi nobles of the Deccan... wars with the Safavids... Mughal war of succession..." (Wikipedia: Shah Jahan, 1.28.26 UTC 21:07)

Aurangzeb (1618-1707)

"...sixth Mughal emperor... Mughal Empire reached its greatest extent, with territory spanning nearly the entirety of the Indian subcontinent... belonged to a branch of the Timurid dynasty... defeated allied army of Shikoh and the Kingdom of Marwar..." (Wikipedia: Aurangzeb, 2.11.26 UTC 01:38)

Shivaji (1630-1680)

"...member of the Bhonsle dynasty... inherited a jagir from his farther who served as a retainer for the Sultanate of Bijapur which later formed the genesis of the Maratha Kingdom... alliances and hostilities with the Mughal Empire..." (Wikipedia: Shivaji, 2.9.26 UTC 22:34)

Hyder Ali (c. 1720-1782)

"...Sultan and de facto ruler of the Kingdom of Mysore in southern India... country's primary military leader in intermittent conflicts against the East India Company during the First and Second Anglo-Mysore Wars... frequent warfare with his neighbors..." (Wikipedia: Hyder Ali, 2.10.26 UTC 04:38)

Prithvi Narayan Shah (1743-1768)

"...last king of the Gorkha Kingdom and the first monarch of the unified Kingdom of Nepal... beginning of the modern history of Nepal." (Wikipedia: Prithvi Narayan Shah, 2.6.26 UTC 08:15)

Tipu Sultan (1751-1799)

"...Sultan of Mysore... deployed rocketed against advances of British forces and their allies during the Anglo-Mysore Wars... against Marathas, Sira, and rules of Malabar, Kodagu, Bednore, Carnatic and Travancore..." (Wikipedia: Tipu Sultan, 2.8.26 UTC 02:12)

Vallabhbhai Patel (1875-1950)

"...Indian independence activist and statesman who served as the first Deputy Prime Minister and Home Minister of India from 1947 to 1950...  relief efforts for partition refugees fleeing to Punjab and Delhi from Pakistan... commitment to national integration..." (Wikipedia: Vallabhbhai Patel, 2.11.26 UTC 22:11)

Jawaharlal Nehru (1889-1964)

"...principal leader of the Indian nationalist movement in the 1930s and 1940s... served as the country's first prime minister for 16 years... promoted a pluralistic multi-party democracy. In foreign affairs, he led the establishment of the Non-Aligned Movement..." (Wikipedia: Jawaharlal Nehru, 1.29.26 UTC 07:02)

Indira Gandhi (1917-1984)

"...prime minister of India from 1966 to 1977 and again from 1980 until her assassination in 1984... leader of the Indian National Congress (INC)... conflict with China... war with Pakistan... war of independence in East Pakistan... state of emergency from 1975 to 1977." (Wikipedia: Indira Gandhi, 2.10.26 UTC 22:18)

Atal Bihari Vajpayee (1924-2018)

"...prime minister of India... from 1998 to 2004... senior leader of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)... functionary of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), a right-wing Hindutva paramilitary volunteer organization... Hindu nationalism..." (Wikipedia: Atal Bihari Vajpayee, 2.8.26 UTC 23:59)

Manmohan Singh (1932-2024)

"...prime minister of India from 2004 to 2014... only Sikh prime minister of India... structural reforms that liberalized India's economy... leader of the opposition in the Rajya Sabha during the Atal Bihari Vajpayee government..." (Wikipedia: Manmohan Singh, 2.6.26 UTC 12:12)

Narendra Modi (1950 - now)

"...prime minister of India since 2013... chief minister of Gujarat from 2001 to 2014... member of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS)... democratic backsliding and has shifted towards an authoritarian style of government..." (Wikipedia: Narendra Modi, 2.13.26 UTC 10:14)

License: CC BY-SA 4.0