- Butana culture (4th millennium - 3rd millennium BC)
- Gash culture (3000 - 1800 BC)
- Jebel Mokram culture (1800 BC)
- Kingdom of Kush (1000 BC - 350 AD)
- Blemmyes (7th century BC - 8th century AD)
- Nobatia Kingdom (400 - 7th century AD)
- Makuria Kingdom (5th century - 16th century AD)
- Alodia (6th century - 1500 AD)
- Rashidun Caliphate invades Sudan (642, 652 AD)
- Daju Kingdom (12th century - 15th century)
- Shilluk Kingdom (15th century - 1861)
- Tunjur Kingdom (15th century - 1650)
- Funj Sultanate (1504-1821)
- Ottoman Empire invades Sudan (1585)
- Taqali Kingdom (1750-1969)
- Turkish Sudan ruled by Ottoman Empire (1871-1898)
- Anglo-Egyptian conquest of Sudan (1896-1899)
- Anglo-Egyptian Sudan (1899-1956)
- First Sudanese Civil War (1955-1972)
- Second Sudanese Civil War (1983-2005)
- War in Darfur (2003 - now)
- South Sudan secedes (2011)
(This post includes any nation or civilization that occupied at least a portion of Sudan at some point. Unless specified otherwise, the dates correspond to when a nation or civilization existed, but do not necessarily correspond to occupation of Sudan.)
