- Indus Valley Civilization (3300 - 1300 BC)
- Gandhara Kingdom (1500 - 535 BC)
- Kamboja Kingdom (700 - 300 BC)
- Achaemenid Empire (550 - 330 BC)
- Battle of Gaugamela (331 BC)
- Alexander the Great and Macedonia invade Afghanistan (330 BC)
- Maurya Empire (322 - 184 BC)
- Greco-Bactrian Kingdom (256 - 125 BC)
- Indo-Greek Kingdom (180 BC - 10 AD)
- Indo-Scythian Kingdom (150 BC - 300 CE)
- Indo-Parthian Kingdom (19 - 226 AD)
- Kushan Empire (30 - 375 AD)
- Sasanian Empire (224 - 651 AD)
- Kidara Huns (320 - 467 AD)
- Alchon Huns (370 - 670 AD)
- Nezak Huns (484 - 665 AD)
- Hephthalites (5th century - 8th century AD)
- Turk Shahis (665 - 870 AD)
- Samanid Empire (819 - 999 AD)
- Hindu Shahi (850 - 1026 AD)
- Saffarid dynasty (861 - 1003 AD)
- Ghurid dynasty (9th century - 1215 AD)
- Ghaznavid Empire (977 - 1186 AD)
- Mongol invasion (1221)
- Timurid Empire (1370-1507)
- Mughal Empire (1526-1857)
- Hotak dynasty (1709-1738)
- Durrani Empire (1747-1842)
- Barakzai dynasty (1823-1973)
- First Anglo-Afghan War (1839-1842)
- Second Anglo-Afghan War (1878-1880)
- Third Anglo-Afghan War (1919)
- Kingdom of Afghanistan (1926-1973)
- Afghan Civil War (1928-1929)
- Afghan tribal revolts (1944-1947)
- Republic of Afghanistan (1973-1978)
- Saur Revolution (1978)
- Democratic Republic of Afghanistan (1978-1992)
- Soviet-Afghan War (1979-1989)
- Islamic State of Afghanistan (1992-2002)
- Afghan Civil Wars (1989-2001)
- United States and NATO invade Afghanistan (2001 - now)
- Transitional Islamic Stat of Afghanistan (2002-2004)
- Osama bin Laden is killed in Pakistan (2011)
(This post includes any nation or civilization that occupied at least a portion of Afghanistan at some point. Unless specified otherwise, the dates correspond to when a nation or civilization existed, but do not necessarily correspond to occupation of Afghanistan.)
