- Norte Chico civilization (3700 - 1800 BC)
- Chavin culture (900 - 200 BC)
- Paracas culture (800 - 100 BC)
- Nazca culture (100 BC - 800 AD)
- Moche culture (100 - 700 AD)
- Wari culture (6th century - 10th century AD)
- Chimor kingdom (9th century - 1470 AD)
- Chincha culture (900 - 1450 AD)
- Chachapoya culture (900 - 1470 AD)
- Inca Empire (1438-1533)
- Inca Civil War (1529-1532)
- Francisco Pizarro and Spain arrives (1532)
- Spanish conquest of Peru (1532-1572)
- Battle of Las Salinas (1538)
- Spanish Viceroyalty of Peru (1542-1824)
- Peruvian War of Independence (1811-1826)
- Peru declares independence (1821)
- Battle of Ayacucho (1824)
- Peru-Bolivian Confederation (1836-1839)
- Ecuadorian-Peruvian War (1857-1860)
- War of the Pacific (1879-1884)
- Ecuadorian-Peruvian War (1941-1942)
- Internal conflict in Peru (1980 - now)
- Cenepa War (1995)
- Peruvian political crisis (2017 - now)
(This post includes any nation or civilization that occupied at least a portion of Peru at some point. Unless specified otherwise, the dates correspond to when a nation or civilization existed, but do not necessarily correspond to occupation of Peru.)
