- Originally based on Levant coast
- Succeeded Canaanites
- Maritime trade network and city-states in Mediterranean Sea
- Network included Mesopotamia, Greece, Egypt, Carthage, Cyprus, Iberian Peninsula, Tyre, Sidon and Byblos
- Decline due to Neo-Assyrian and Achaemenid conquests
- World's oldest verified alphabet
- Influenced Syriac script, Arabic script and Greek alphabet