- Natufian culture (15,000 - 11,500 years ago)
- Pre-Pottery Neolithic A culture (10,000-8,700 BC)
- Pre-Pottery Neolithic B culture (8700-6800 BC)
- Halaf culture (6100 - 5100 BC)
- Ugarit kingdom (6000 - 1185 BC)
- Sumer (4500 - 1900 BC)
- Elba kingdom (3500 BC - 7th century AD)
- Qatna kingdom (3300 BC - 1982 AD)
- Mari kingdom (2900 - 3rd century BC)
- Assyria (2500 - 609 BC)
- Akkadian Empire (2334 - 2154 BC)
- Ur III dynasty (2112 - 2004 BC)
- Amorite culture (21st century - 17th century BC)
- Old Assyrian Empire (2025 - 1378 BC)
- Babylonia (1895 - 539 BC)
- Yamhad kingdom (1810 - 1517 BC)
- Hittites (1650 - 1178 BC)
- Mitanni kingdom (1600 - 1260 BC)
- Middle Assyrian Empire (1392 - 934 BC)
- Neo-Assyrian Empire (911 - 609 BC)
- Neo-Babylonian Empire (626 - 539 BC)
- Achaemenid Empire (550 - 330 BC)
- Alexander the Great and Macedonia invade Syria (333 - 332 BC)
- Seleucid Empire (312 - 63 BC)
- Syrian Wars (274 - 168 BC)
- Roman Syria (64 BC - 198 AD)
- Roman-Persian Wars (54 BC - 628 AD)
- Sasanian Empire (224 - 651 AD)
- Byzantine Empire (395 - 1453 AD)
- Rashidun Caliphate (632 - 661 AD)
- Umayyad dynasty (661 - 750 AD)
- Abbasid Caliphate (750 - 1517 AD)
- Fatimid Caliphate (909 - 1171 AD)
- Seljuk Empire (1037-1194)
- Burid dynasty (1104-1154)
- Ayyubid dynasty (1171-1260)
- Mamluk Sultanate (1250-1517)
- Ottoman Empire occupies Syria (1516-1918)
- Kingdom of Syria (1919-1920)
- France rules Syria (1920-1946)
- Great Syrian Revolt (1925)
- Syria gains independence (1946)
- Arab-Israeli War (1948-1949)
- Military coup d'état (1949)
- Military coup d'état (1963)
- Six Day War (1967)
- Corrective Movement (1970)
- Yom Kippur War (1973)
- Lebanese Civil War (1975-1990)
- Syria occupies Lebanon (1976-2005)
- Bashar al-Assad is President (2000 - now)
- Qamishli riots (2004)
- Syrian Civil War (2011 - now)
- Battle of Aleppo (2012-2016)
(This post includes any nation or civilization that occupied at least a portion of Syria at some point. Unless specified otherwise, the dates correspond to when a nation or civilization existed, but do not necessarily correspond to occupation of Syria.)
