List of Mongol Empire khanates

This post is a list of Mongol Empire (1206-1368) khanates. There are 4 khanates listed below alphabetically.

• Chagatai Khanate (1227-1347)
• Golden Horde (c. 1225-1502)
• Ilkhanate (1256-1335)
• Yuan dynasty (1271-1368)

Sources

Wikipedia: Chagatai Khanate, Golden Horde, Ilkhanate, Yuan dynasty

List of Crusader states

This post is a list of Crusader states (1098-1291). There are 4 states listed below alphabetically. Source: Wikipedia

• Principality of Antioch
• County of Edessa
• Kingdom of Jerusalem
• County of Tripoli

Collection of Islamic Golden Age intellectuals

This post is a collection of Islamic Golden Age (8th - 14th centuries) intellectuals. There are 46 intellectuals listed below alphabetically. Source: Wikipedia

• Abd al-Rahman al-Sufi: astronomy, ecliptic plane
• Abu al-Hasan al-Ash'ari: theology, Ash'ari school
• * Abu Bakr al-Razi: medicine, philosophy
• Abu Mansur al-Maturidi: theology, Maturidi school
• * Ahmad ibn Hanbal: jurisprudence, memorization of Hadiths
• * Al-Biruni: physics, mathematics, astronomy, history
• * al-Farabi (Alpharabius): music theory, neoplatonism
• Al-Farghani: astronomy, engineering
• * Al-Ghazali: jurisprudence, theology
• Al-Jahiz: theology, literature, zoology
• * Al-Khwarizmi: mathematics, algebra, arithmetic, astronomy
• * al-Kindi: philosophy, theology, mathematics, statistics
• * al-Zahrawi (Albucasis): medicine, surgery
• Al-Zarnuji: pedagogy 
• * Amir Khusrau: music theory, poetry
• * Averroes (Ibn Rushd): philosophy, Aristotelianism, medicine, theology
• * Avicenna (Ibn Sina): philosophy, medicine, astronomy
• Banū Mūsā brothers: engineering, astronomy, mathematics
• Eutychius of Alexandria: theology
• * Ferdowsi: poetry
• * Hafez: literature
• Hunayn ibn Ishaq (Hunain): Greek and Persian translation
• * Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen): optics, physics, mathematics
• Ibn al-Nafis: medicine, circulation
• Ibn al-Quff: medicine, surgery
• Ibn al-Shatir: astronomy, mathematics
• * Ibn Khaldun: history, social science
• Ibn Na-ima al-Himsi: Greek translation
• Ibn Mu'adh al-Jayyani: mathematics, spherical trigonometry
• Ibn Tufayl: philosophy, medicine
• Ibn Zuhr: medicine, surgery
• Ismail al-Jazari: engineering
• * Jabir ibn Hayyan: alchemy, philosophy, cosmology
• Jabril ibn Bukhtishu: medicine
• Jamshid al-Kashi: astronomy, mathematics
• Masawaiyh: medicine
• Muhammad al-Idrisi: geography
• * Nasir al-Din al-Tusi: astronomy, planetary motion, mathematics
• Nastulus: astronomy, astrolabes
• * Omar Khayyam: mathematics, conic sections, literature
• Qusta ibn Luqa: medicine, mathematics, astronomy
• * Saadi Shirazi: poetry
• Safi al-Din al-Urmawi: music theory
• Sharaf al-Din al-Tusi: mathematician, astronomy
• Yusaf al-Khuri: medicine, translation
• Ziryab: music theory

* level 4 vital article on Wikipedia (19 total)