Collection of Pre-Columbian American civilizations and cultures (level 5 vital articles on Wikipedia)

This post is a collection of Pre-Columbian American civilizations and cultures (level 5 vital articles on Wikipedia). There are 22 civilizations and cultures listed below chronologically. Source: Wikipedia

• Clovis (New Mexico): 11,100 - 10,800 BC
• Las Vegas (Ecuador): 8000 - 4600 BC
• Chinchorro (Chile, Peru): 7000 - 1500 BC
• Caral-Supe (Peru): 3500 - 1800 BC
• Maya (Mexico, Guatemala, Belize): 2000 BC - 1697 AD
• Mixtec (Mexico, Puebla, Oaxaca, Guerrero): 1500 BC - 1523 AD
• Olmecs (Mexico, Veracruz): 1200 - 400 BC
• Chavín (Peru): 900 - 250 BC
• Zapotec (Oaxaca Valley): 700 BC - 1521 AD
• Moche (Peru): 100 - 800
• Mogollon (New Mexico, Arizona, Texas, Mexico): 200 - 1450
• Wari (Peru): 500 - 1000
• Tiwanaku (Bolivia, Peru, Chile, Argentina): 600 - 1000
• Marajoara (Brazil, Marajó): 800 - 1400
• Muisca (Colombia): 800 - 1540
• Mississippian (United States): 800 - 1600
• Chimor (Peru): 900 - 1470
• Toltec (Mexico, Tula, Hidalgo): 950 - 1168
• Taíno (Caribbean): 1200 - 1500
• Purépecha (Mexico, Michoacán): 1300 - 1530
• Aztec (Valley of Mexico): 1300 - 1521
• Inca (Peru, Ecuador, Bolivia, Argentina, Chile): 1438 - 1572

Top 10 longest rivers in the United States

This post is the top 10 longest rivers in the United States. Source: Wikipedia

1. Missouri River (2,341 miles)
2. Mississippi River (2,340 miles)
3. Yukon River (1,979 miles)
4. Rio Grande (1,759 miles)
5. Colorado River (1,450 miles)
6. Arkansas River (1,443 miles)
7. Columbia River (1,243 miles)
8. Red River (1,125 miles)
9. Snake River (1,040 miles)
10. Ohio River (979 miles)

Collection of facts about the Vijayanagara Empire

This post is a collection of facts about the Vijayanagara Empire (1336-1646). There are 11 facts listed below. Source: Wikipedia

• Based in southern India
• Original capital: Vijayanagara (Hampi)
• Founded by Harihara I and Bukka Raya I (Sangama dynasty)
• Krishna Deva Raya ruled 1509-1529
• Annexed southern part of Gajaptai Empire
• Expanded north to conquer Raichur in 1520
• Defeated by Deccan sultanates at Battle of Talikota in 1565
• Tirumala Deva Raya moved capital to Penukonda
• Empire divided between Tirumala Deva Raya's three sons
• Fought Bijapur sultanate and others leading to collapse
• Succeeded by Sultanate of Golconda and Kingdom of Mysore

Collection of facts about the Delhi Sultanate

This post is a collection of facts about the Delhi Sultanate (1206-1526). There are 15 facts listed below. Source: Wikipedia

• Occupied India, Pakistan, Bangladesh
• Preceded by Ghurid dynasty and Muhammad Ghori's expansion
• Contributed to the spread of Islam in India
• Mamluk dynasty (1206-1290)
• Qutb ud-Din Aibak was the first ruler
• Muiz ud-Din Qaiqabad assassinated ending the Mamluk dynasty
• Khalji dynasty (1290-1320)
• Successfully defended itself against Mongol Empire
• Tughlaq dynasty (1230-1413)
• Timur sacked Delhi in 1398 killing 100,000 to 200,000 people
• Sayyid dynasty (1414-1450)
• Rulers of the Sayyid dynasty claimed to be descendants of Muhammad
• Lodi dynasty (1451-1526)
• Defeated by Timurid Empire at Battle of Panipat in 1526
• Succeeded by Mughal Empire and Vijayanagara Empire

Collection of facts about the Egyptian revolution of 1952

This post is a collection of facts about the Egyptian revolution of 1952. There are 8 facts listed below. Source: Wikipedia

• Military coup d'état of King Farouk in Jul 1952
• Free Officers Movement lead by Mohamed Naguib and Gama Abdel Nasser
• Ended British occupation of Egypt
• New government was Arab nationalist
• Influenced other nationalist movements in the region
• Muslim Brotherhood outlawed in 1954
• Led to Sudan independence in 1956
• Led to Suez Crisis in 1956 (United Kingdom, France, Israeli invasion)

Collection of facts about the Second Chechen War

This post is a collection of facts about the Second Chechen War (1999-2009). There are 13 facts listed below. Source: Wikipedia

• Russia vs. Chechen Republic of Ichkeria
• Preceded by the First Chechen War (1994-1996)
• Apartment bombings in Russia killed over 300 people in Sept 1999
• Russia blamed Islamists from Chechnya for the bombing
• Russia invaded Grozny in Dec 1999
• Akhmad Kadyrov appointed leader of Chechnya by Vladimir Putin
• Chechen constitution in 2003 put Chechnya under Russian rule
• Kadyrov assassinated in 2004 and his son Ramzan Kadyrov became leader
• Separatist Chechen Front established in May 2005
• Guerrilla warfare continued in Chechnya
• Chechen terror attacks included 2002 Moscow theater hostage crisis, 2003 Stavropol train bombing, 2004 Moscow metro bombing, 2004 Russian aircraft bombings, 2004 Beslan school hostage crisis
• Chechen separatist movement ended in 2009
• Deaths: 50,000 - 300,000 people

Collection of facts about the First Chechen War

This post is a collection of facts about the First Chechen War (1994-1996). There are 14 facts listed below. Source: Wikipedia

• Russia vs. Chechen Republic of Ichkeria
• Preceded by end of the Soviet Union in 1991
• Dzhokhar Dudayev led secessionist Chechnya
• Chechnya declared independence in 1993
• Internal conflict within Chechnya against Dudayev
• Russia supported opposition mercenaries in Chechnya
• Russia invaded Chechnya in Dec 1994
• Russia captured Grozny in Mar 1995
• Dudayev killed by airstrike in Apr 1996
• Chechnya recaptured Grozny in Aug 1996
• Russia-Chechnya Peace Treaty (1997)
• Civilian deaths: 30,000 to 120,000 people
• Over 500,000 people displaced
• Followed by the Second Chechen War (1999-2009)

Collection of facts about the Boshin War

This post is a collection of facts about the Boshin War (1868-1869). There are 10 facts listed below. Source: Wikipedia

• Civil war in Japan
• Tokugawa shogunate vs. Imperial Court
• Widespread dissatisfaction with shogunate over opening of Japan
• Alliance of samurai and nobles took control of the Imperial Court
• Tokugawa Yoshinobu handed power over to Emperor Meiji and Imperial Court
• House of Tokugawa was abolished
• Yoshinobu began military campaign against the Imperial Court
• Imperial Court was victorious
• Total deaths: 8,200 people
• Followed by the Satsuma Rebellion in 1877

Collection of facts about Pugachev's Rebellion

This post is a collection of facts about Pugachev's Rebellion (1773-1775). There are 7 facts listed below. Source: Wikipedia

• Catherine the Great gained throne of Russia in 1762
• Yemelyan Pugachev led rebellion against Catherine the Great
• Rebellion consisted of peasants, Cossacks and Old Believers
• Began in 1773 with invasion of Samara
• Invasion and burning of  Kazan in 1774
• Pugachev fled along the Volga river
• Pugachev captured and executed Jan 1775

Collection of facts about the Glorious Revolution

This post is a collection of facts about the Glorious Revolution (1688-1689). There are 8 facts listed below. Source: Wikipedia

• James II became king of England in 1685
• James II was Catholic and was opposed my Protestants
• Dutch Republic concerned England would support France in the Nine Years' War
• William III of Orange invaded England Nov 1688
• James II fled to France in Dec 16888
• Replaced by Mary II (daughter) and William III of Orange (Dutch nephew)
• Mary II and William III became joint monarchs in Apr 1689
• Led to Jacobitism which aimed to restore James II

Collection of facts about the Nine Years' War

This post is a collection of facts about the Nine Years' War (1688-1697). There are 9 facts listed below. Source: Wikipedia

• France vs. Dutch Republic, England, Scotland, Holy Roman Empire, Spain
• Preceded by the Franco-Dutch War (1672-1678), War of the Reunions (1683-1684) and the Glorious Revolution (1688)
• France invaded land beyond the Rhine in 1688
• Fighting occurred in Spanish Netherlands, Rhineland, Duchy of Savoy, Catalonia
• Related to Williamite War in Ireland (1689-1691), King Williams War (1688-1697)
• Ended with the Peace of Ryswick (1697)
• France gained Alsace, lost Lorraine
• Spain gained Luxembourg
• Followed by the War of the Spanish Succession (1701-1714)

Collection of facts about the Franco-Dutch War

This post is a collection of facts about the Franco-Dutch War (1672-1678). There are 11 facts listed below. Source: Wikipedia

• France, England, Swedish Empire vs. Dutch Republic, Holy Roman Empire, Spain, Denmark-Norway
• Related to Third Anglo-Dutch War (1672-1674) and Scanian War (1675-1679)
• Began when France invaded Dutch Republic in 1672 (known as Rampjaar)
• Dutch Republic recaptured New Amsterdam (North America) from England
• England left the war under Treaty of Westminster (1674)
• Sweden invaded Brandenburg-Prussia
• France invaded Franche-Comté in HRE
• Ended with the Peace of Nijmegen (1678)
• France gained Franche-Comté
• Dutch Republic regained all lost territory
• Led to the Nine Years' War (1688-1697)

Collection of facts about the War of the Three Kingdoms

This post is a collection of facts about the War of the Three Kingdoms (1639-1653). There are 13 facts listed below. Source: Wikipedia

• Conflict in England, Scotland, Ireland
• Included Bishops' Wars, First English Civil War, Second English Civil War, Irish Confederate Wars, Anglo-Scottish War
• Bishop's Wars (1639-1640): Scottish Covenanters opposed Charles I's reforms 
• Irish Catholic rebellion in 1641 lead to creation of Irish Catholic Confederation
• First English Civil War (1642-1646): Parliamentarians against Royalists
• Parliamentarians supported constitutional monarchy
• Royalists supported the king
• Second English Civil War (1648-1649): Parliamentarians defeated the Royalists
• Charles I executed in 1649 and monarchy abolished
• Commonwealth of England established
• Puritans and Scottish Covenanters opposed Oliver Cromwell's religious reforms
• Anglo-Scottish War (1650-1652): Scotland supported Charles II for English throne
• Oliver Cromwell conquered Ireland (1649-1953)

Collection of facts about the Albigensian Crusade

This post is a collection of facts about the Albigensian Crusade (1209-1229). There are 10 facts listed below. Source: Wikipedia

• Campaign against Catharism in southern France (Languedoc)
• Initated by Pope Innocent III
• Catharism emerged within Bogomil churches
• Cathars were anti-materialist and rejected the physical
• Cathars accused of Gnostic beliefs and conflicting with Catholicism
• Cathars became known as Albigensians because of association with city of Albi
• Pierre de Castelnau assassinated in 1208 prompting the crusade
• Cathar movement crushed during the crusade and went underground in 1244
• Led to County of Toulouse realigning with the Kingdom of France
• Deaths: at least 200,000 Cathars

Collection of facts about the Peasant's Revolt

This post is a collection of facts about the Peasant's Revolt (1381). There are 10 facts listed below. Source: Wikipedia

• Occurred during the Black Death and the Hundred Years' War
• Caused by poll taxes
• John Bampton attempted to collect unpaid taxed in Brentwood
• Wat Tyler led rebels to London
• Tower of London sacked
• Members of the government killed
• Revolts spread across England
• Wat Tyler killed in battle
• Revolts eventually suppressed and rebel leaders executed
• Deaths: at least 1,500 people

Collection of details about the overthrow of the Roman Kingdom

This post is a collection of details about the overthrow of the Roman Kingdom (c. 509 BC). There are 8 details listed below. Source: Wikipedia

• Legendary event disputed by scholars
• Traditionally dated as 509 BC
• King Lucius Tarquinius Superbus (Tarquin) overthrown
• Sextus Tarquinius (son of Tarquin) raped Lucretia
• Lucretia commits suicide
• Lucius Junis Brutus gained support of the Roman elite to overthrow Tarquin
• Roman Republic established with two elected consuls
• Tarquin exiled to Cumae and died in 495 BC

Collection of facts about Caesar's civil war

This post is a collection of facts about Caesar's civil war (49 - 45 BC). There are 10 facts listed below. Source: Wikipedia

• Preceded by the Gallic Wars
• Pompey demanded Caesar give up his governorship of Gaul
• Caesar refused and marched on Rome (Crossing of the Rubicon)
• Fighting in Italy, Illyria, Greece, Egypt, Africa, Hispania
• Battle of Dyrrhachium (Albania) in 48 BC
• Battle of Pharsalus (Greece) in 48 BC
• Marcus Junius, Brutus and Cicero surrendered
• Pompey fled to Egypt and was assassinated
• Battle of Thapsus (North Africa) in 46 BC
• Caesar became dictator perpetuo (dictator for life) in 44 BC

Collection of facts about the Etruscan civilization

This post is a collection of facts about the Etruscan civilization (900 - 27 BC). There are 8 facts listed below. Source: Wikipedia

• Based in Italy (Tuscany, western Umbria, northern Lazio, Po Valley, Emilia-Romagna, south-eastern Lombardy, southern Veneto, western Campania)
• Preceded by the Proto-Villanovan culture and Urnfield culture
• Etruscan language derived from the Euboean alphabet
• Etruscan League: Alliance between 12 settlements between 600 - 500 BC (according to legend)
• Battle of Alalia (540 BC) against Phocaea
• Battle of Cumae (474 BC) against Syracuse
• Roman-Etruscan Wars (began 4th century BC)
• Annexed by Roman Empire in 27 BC

Collection of facts about the Safavid Empire

This post is a collection of facts about the Safavid Empire (1501-1736). There are 13 facts listed below. Source: Wikipedia

• Based in Iran
• Expanded to Azerbaijan, Armenia and parts of Georgia, Iraq, Turkey, Syria, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan
• Ismail I ruled 1501-1524
• Ismail I made Twelver Shi'ism the official religion
• Battle of Chaldiran (1514) against Ottoman Empire
• Ottoman-Safavid war of 1532-1555
• Abbas the Great ruled 1588-1629
• Ottoman-Safavid war of 1603-1622
• Afghan Hotak dynasty invasion in 1722
• Russo-Persian War (1722-1723)
• Nader Shah led reconquest 1726-1729
• Ended when Nader Shah became shah in 1736
• Succeeded by the Afsharid dynasty

Collection of facts about the Songhai Empire

This post is a collection of facts about the Songhai Empire (c. 1430-1591). There are 9 facts listed below. Source: Wikipedia

• Gained independence from Mali Empire (c. 1430)
• Capital: Gao (Western Africa)
• Ruled by Sonni dynasty (c. 1464-1493) and Askia dynasty (1493-1591)
• Sonni Ali ruled 1464-1492
• Annexed Timbuktu in 1468
• Askia the Great ruled 1493-1528
• War of succession began after the death of Askia Daoud (1583)
• Invaded by the Saadi dyanasty
• Ended at the Battle of Tondibi in 1591

Collection of facts about the Dutch Republic

This post is a collection of facts about the Dutch Republic (1588-1795). There are 15 facts listed below. Source: Wikipedia

• Preceded by Spanish Netherlands
• Gained independence from Spain in 1581
• Confederated into seven provinces in 1588: Groningen, Frisia, Overijssel, Guelders, Utrecht, Holland, Zeeland
• Fought in the Eighty Years' War (after 1588 until 1648)
• Dutch-Portuguese War (1598-1663)
• Dutch East India Company (VOC) established in 1602
• Dutch West India company (WIC) established in 1621
• Art and science flourished during the Dutch Golden Age (17th century)
• Gained about 20% more territory in the Peace of Westphalia (1648)
• Anglo Dutch wars (1652-1784)
• Nine Years' War (1688-1697)
• War of the Spanish Succession (1702-1713)
• War of the Austrian Succession (1744-1748)
• War of the First Coalition (1792-1795)
• Ended with the Batavian Revolution in 1795

Collection of facts about the Dutch colonial empire

This post is collection of facts about the Dutch colonial empire (1595-1975). There are 18 facts listed below.

• During the Dutch Republic (1588-1795), Kingdom of the Netherlands (1815-1975)
• Gained independence from Spain in 1581
• Dutch East India Company (1602-1799) also known as VOC
• Dutch West India company (1621-1792) also known as WIC
• Colonies in North America, Caribbean, Brazil, Suriname, Africa, India, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Japan, Taiwan
• Initially operated commercially
• Involved in the slave trade
• Dutch Gold Coast (Ghana) established in 1612
• New Netherlands (eastern North America) established in 1614
• Dutch Formosa (Taiwan) established in 1624
• Dutch Brazil established in 1630
• Dutch Cape Colony (South Africa) established in 1652
• Anglo-Dutch wars (1652-1784) lead to loss of colonies to Britain and France
• Japan invaded the Dutch East Indies (Indonesia) in 1942
• Indonesian National Revolution (1945-1949)
• Indonesia gained independence in 1949
• Ended when Dutch Guiana (Suriname) gained independence in 1975
• Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten are autonomous constituent countries within the Kingdom of Netherlands

Sources

Wikipedia: Dutch colonial empire, Indonesian National Revolution

Collection of facts about the Vedic period

This post is a collection of facts about the Vedic period (1500 - 1100 BC). There are 8 facts listed below. Source: Wikipedia

• Based in the northern India and Punjab region
• Proceeded by the Indus Valley Civilization
• Vedas composed and orally transmitted (c. 1500 - 900 BC)
• Old Indo-Aryan language
• Lead to Hinduism and the Hindu synthesis
• Influenced the Kuru kingdom (union of Indo-Aryan tribes)
• Class system and Brahminism established
• Challenged by śramaṇa movements (for example Jainism and Buddhism)

Collection of facts about the Mali War

This post is a collection of facts about the Mali War (2012 - now). There are 18 facts listed below. Source: Wikipedia

• Began with the Tuareg rebellion in northern Mali (Jan 2012)
• National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad (MNLA) rebels fighting for independence of Azawad
• MNLA initially allied with Ansar Dine, al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM) and Movement for Oneness and Jihad in West Africa (MOJWA)
• MNLA coup d'état (Mar - Apr 2012)
• MNLA declared independence from Mali and was rejected by the African Union
• French military began operations in Mali (Jan 2013)
• Peace deal signed in June 2013 but suspended in Sept 2013
• Islamic State - Sahel Province (ISSP) formed in 2015
• Algiers Accords peace deal in June 2015
• Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal-Muslimin (JNIM) coalition formed in 2017
• Conflict between JNIM and ISSP began in 2019
• Assimi Goïta lead coup d'état in 2020
• Assimi Goïta lead another coup d'état in 2021
• MINUSMA (United Nations peacekeeping) withdrew in 2023
• Strategic Framework for the Defense of the People of Azawad (CSP) dissolved and merged with the Azawad Liberation Front in Nov 2024
• 230,000 people internally displaced
• 144,000 people have fled the country
• Total deaths: 13,105

Collection of facts about the Haitian conflict

This post is a collection of facts about the Haitian conflict (2020 - now). There are 13 facts listed below. Source: Wikipedia

• Gangs attack Port-au-Prince and kill 34 people in May 2020
• G9 alliance of gangs formed in June 2020
• G-Pèp alliance of gangs formed in July 2020 in response to G9
• President Jovenel Moïse assassinated July 7th, 2021
• Port-au-Prince gang battles in July 2022 killed 89 people
• 18 police officers killed in Port-au-Prince in Jan 2023
• G9 and G-Pèp formed a coalition against the Haitian government in Feb 2024
• Jailbreak of the two largest prisons in Haiti (Feb 2024)
• Prime minister Ariel Henry resigned and replaced by Garry Conille (June 2024)
• Alix Didier Fils-Aimé became prime minister (Nov 2024)
• 1.3 million people displaced
• 5.7 million people at Category 4 level food insecurity
• Deaths: at least 20,000 people

Collection of facts about the Myanmar Civil War

This post is a collection of facts about the Myanmar Civil War (2021 - now). There are 14 facts listed below. Source: Wikipedia

• Tatmadaw (Myanmar armed forces) vs. National Unity Government (NUG)
• Military junta State Administration Council (SAC) lead by Min Aung Hlaing
• Various ethic armed organizations support NUG
• NUG rejects the 2008 Constitution in favor of a federal democracy
• Began with 2021 coup d'état by Tatmadaw
• People's Defense Force (PDF) and Three Brotherhood Alliance commence Operation 1027 offensive in Oct 2023
• Rakhine offensive by the Arakan Army began in Nov 2023
• Operation 1111 commenced in Nov 2023
• Kachin offensive began in Mar 2024
• Siege of Myawaddy (Apr 2024)
• 2025 Myanmar earthquake lead to temporary ceasefire
• 1.6 million people internally displaced
• 40 thousand people have fled to Bangladesh, India and Thailand
• Deaths: 89 thousand to over 96 thousand people

Collection of facts about the Russo-Ukrainian War

This post is a collection of facts about the Ukrainian-Russo War (2014 - now). There are 20 facts listed below.

• Russia annexed Crimea in Mar 2014
• Russian-backed militants invaded the Donbas region in Apr 2014
• Donetsk People's Republic (DPR) and Luhansk People's Republic (LPR) established
• Minsk agreements signed in 2015
• Vladimir Putin demanded Ukraine cannot join NATO
• Russia invaded Ukraine in Feb 2022
• Siege of Mariupol (Feb - Apr 2022)
• Russia abandoned attempts to capture Kyiv in Apr 2022
• Battle of Donbas began in Apr 2022
• Ukrainian counteroffensive in Kherson and Kharkiv regions in 2022
• Russia annexes Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk, Zaporizhzhia in Sept 2022
• Wagner Group captures Bakhmut for Russian control (May 2023)
• Battle of Avdiivka (Oct 2023 - Feb 2024)
• Russia invaded Chasiv Yar in Apr 2024
• Ukraine invaded Kursk region in Russia in Aug 2024
• Russia captured Velyka Novosilka in Jan 2025
• Russia captured Pokrovsk, Mynohrad, Huliaipole in 2026
• Russia occupies 20% of Ukraine as of Apr 2026
• 8 million Ukrainians displaced internally
• 6-7 million Ukrainians have fled the country

Sources

Wikipedia: Russo-Ukrainian War, Russo-Ukrainian War (2022 - present)

Collection of facts about the Gaza War

This post is a collection of facts about the Gaza War (2023 - now). There are 14 facts listed below. Source: Wikipedia

• Began with Hamas surprise attack against Israel on Oct 7th, 2023 (1,195 people killed and 251 hostages taken)
• Massacre at Nova music festival
• 90% of Gaza's infrastructure has been destroyed by Israeli bombing
• Israeli ordered an evacuation of Gaza City on Oct 13th, 2023
• First ceasefire (Nov 2023)
• Rafah offensive began May 2024
• Siege of North Gaza began Oct 2024
• Second ceasefire (Jan - Mar 2025)
• Gaza City offensive began Aug 2025
• Gaza peace plan implemented (Oct 2025)
• Last 20 remaining Israeli hostages released (Oct 2025)
• Israeli is being investigated for genocide by the International Court of Justice
• Israeli offensive has killed at least 72,000 Palestinians
• 2.3 million Palestinians and 100 thousand Israelis displaced

Collection of facts about the Sudanese Civil War (began 2023)

This post is a list of facts about the Sudanese Civil War (2023 - now). There are 13 facts listed below.

• Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) vs. Rapid Support Forces (RSF)
• Factions of SPLM-N fighting on both sides
• Preceded by the War in Darfur (2003-2020) and the 2021 coup d'état
• Began April 2023 with RSF attacks
• Battle of Khartoum (2023-2025)
• Masalit genocide in the Darfur region (2023 - now)
• Treaty of Jeddah (2023)
• Siege of El Fasher (2023-2025)
• El Fasher massacre committed by RSF killing 60,000 to 150,000 people
• 12 million people displaced
• 3.5 million people fled the country
• 25 million people with food insecurity
• Total deaths: 150,000 to 400,000 people (highly uncertain)

Sources

Wikipedia: Sudanese civil war (2023 - present), Masalit genocide, Siege of El Fasher

Collection of facts about the Spanish Empire

This post is a collection of facts about the Spanish Empire (1492-1976). There are 14 facts listed below. Source: Wikipedia

• Christopher Columbus arrived in the Americas (1492)
• Treaty of Tordesillas divided the world into Spanish and Portuguese claims (1494)
• Conquest of the Aztec Empire (1519-1521)
• Magellan circumnavigated the Earth (1519-1522)
• Conquest of the Maya (1524-1697)
• Conquest of the Inca Empire (1532-1572)
• Spanish East Indies (Philippines) established in 1565
• Portugal personal union with Spain forming the Iberian Union in 1580
• Portugal regained independence in 1640
• Occupied Louisiana Territory 1762-1803
• South American countries gained independence from Spain: Argentina (1810), Gran Colombia (1810), Chile (1810), Paraguay (1811), Uruguay (1815), Peru (1821), Panama (1821), Mexico (1821)
• Central American countries gained independence from Spain by 1823: Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica
• Lost Cuba, Puerto Rico, Philippines in Spanish-American War (1898)
• Withdrew from Spanish Sahara in 1976

Collection of facts about the Empire of Japan

This post is a collection of facts about the Empire of Japan (1868-1947). There are 20 facts listed below. Source: Wikipedia

• Formed during the Meiji Restoration in 1868
• Meiji ruled as emperor 1868-1912
• Boshin War (1868-1869)
• First Sino-Japanese War (1894-1895)
• Invaded Taiwan in 1895
• Itō Hirobumi served as first prime minister in 1885
• Joined international coalition during the Boxer Rebellion (1900)
• Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905)
• Occupied Korea 1910-1945
• Taishō ruled as emperor 1912-1926
• Invaded Siberia 1918-1922
• Hirohito ruled as emperor 1926-1947
• Invaded Manchuria in 1931
• Second Sino-Japanese War began in 1937
• Tripartite Pact with Germany and Italy (1940)
• Fought in World War II (1941-1945)
• Attacked Pearl Harbor on December 7th, 1941
• Atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki (August 1945)
• Surrendered on September 2nd, 1945
• Ended with the Constitution of Japan in 1947

Collection of facts about the German Empire

This post is a collection facts about the German Empire (1871-1918). There are 11 facts listed below. Source: Wikipedia

• Unification of Germany (1871)
• 25 states (4 kingdoms, 6 grand duchies, 5 duchies, 7 principalities, 3 free Hanseatic cities)
• Otto von Bismarck was the first chancellor 1871-1890
• Wilhelm I was emperor 1871-1888
• Formed alliance with Austria-Hungary in 1879
• Occupied territories in Africa and Asia
• Wilhelm II was emperor 1888-1918
• Fought in World War I (1914-1918)
• Expanded east in Treaty of Brest-Litovsk in March 1918
• Ended during the November 1918 Revolution
• Treaty of Versailles imposed reparation costs on Germany
• Succeeded by the Weimar Republic

Collection of facts about the Empire of Brazil

This post is a collection of facts about the Empire of Brazil (1822-1889). There are 12 facts listed below. Source: Wikipedia

• Gained independence from Portugal in 1822
• Pedro I ruled 1822-1831
• Cisplatine War (1825-1828)
• Cisplatina (Uruguay) gained independence in 1828
• Pedro II ruled 1831-1889
• Ragamuffin War (1835-1845)
• Platine War (1851-1852)
• Uruguayan War (1864-1865)
• Paraguayan War (1864-1870)
• Slavery abolished in 1888
• Pedro II overthrown by coup d'état in 1889
• Succeeded by the First Brazilian Republic

Collection of facts about the Tsardom of Russia

This post is a collection of facts about the Tsardom of Russia (1547-1721). There are 11 facts listed below.

• Preceded by the Grand Principality of Moscow
• Ivan IV was the first tsar in 1547
• Livonian War (1558-1583)
• Russian conquest of Siberia (1580-1778)
• Rurik dynasty ended in 1598
• Time of Troubles (1598-1613)
• Romanov dynasty began in 1613
• Polish-Russian War (1609-1618)
• Russo-Polish War (1654-1667)
• Schism of the Russian Church (1660s - 1690s)
• Succeeded by the Russian Empire in 1721

Sources

Wikipedia: Tsardom of Russia, Polish-Russian War, Schism of the Russian Church, Russian conquest of Siberia

Collection of facts about the Kingdom of France

This post is a collection of facts about the Kingdom of France (843 - 1848 AD). There are 20 facts listed below.

• Preceded by the Carolingian Empire
• Began as Western Francia (part of the Carolingian Empire) in 843 AD
• Hugh Capet became king founded the Capetian dynasty in 987 AD
• Capetian dynasty and cadet branches (Valois, Bourbon) ruled until 1792
• Rivalry with the Angevin Empire and House of Plantagenet
• Edward III of England claimed throne of Kingdom of France
• Hundred Years' War (1337-1453)
• Italian Wars (1494-1559)
• Wars of Religion (1562-1598)
• Thirty Years' War (1618-1648)
• Louis XIV ruled 1643-1715
• War of the Austrian Succession (1740-1748)
• Seven Years' War (1756-1763)
• French Revolution began in 1789
• Monarchy abolished in 1792
• Napoleonic Wars (1803-1815)
• Monarchy restored in 1814 (Bourbon Restoration)
• Napoleon defeated at the Battle of Waterloo in 1815
• July Revolution in 1830
• Ended with the French Revolution of 1848

Sources

Wikipedia: Kingdom of France, Hundred Years' War, Napoleonic Wars

Collection of facts about the Kingdom of England

This post is a collection of facts about the Kingdom of England (927 - 1707 AD). There are 17 facts listed below.

• Preceded by Anglo-Saxon kingdoms (Heptarchy): East Anglia, Mercia, Northumbria, Kent, Essex, Sussex, Wessex
• Æthelstan united the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms in 927
• Joined the North Sea Empire (personal union with Denmark, Norway) in 1016
• Invaded by Normans in 1066
• Norman/Angevin rule (1066-1216)
• Magna Carta (1215)
• Plantagent rule (1216-1485)
• Wales conquered in 1284
• Hundred Years' War (1337-1453)
• English Reformation (16th century)
• Tudor period (1485-1603)
• England, Scotland and Ireland form personal union in 1603
• Stuart period (1603-1714)
• English Civil War (1642-1651)
• Interregnum (1649-1660)
• Glorious Revolution (1688)
• Succeeded by Great Britain (England and Scotland unite) in 1707

Sources

Wikipedia: Kingdom of England, English Civil War

Top 20 largest countries by area

This post is a list of the top 20 largest countries by area. Source: Wikipedia

1. Russia (6.6 million sq mi)
2. Canada (3.8 million sq mi)
3. China (3.7 million sq mi)
4. United States (3.6 million sq mi)
5. Brazil (3.2 million sq mi)
6. Australia (2.9 million sq mi)
7. India (1.2 million sq mi)
8. Argentina (1.0 million sq mi)
9. Kazakhstan (1.0 million sq mi)
10. Algeria (919 thousand sq mi)
11. Democratic Republic of the Congo (905 thousand sq mi)
12. Saudi Arabia (830 thousand sq mi)
13. Mexico (758 thousand sq mi)
14. Indonesia (735 thousand sq mi)
15. Sudan (725 thousand sq mi)
16. Libya (679 thousand sq mi)
17. Iran (636 thousand sq mi)
18. Mongolia (603 thousand sq mi)
19. Peru (496 thousand sq mi)
20. Chad (495 thousand sq mi)

Collection of facts about the Russian Empire

This post is a collection of facts about the Russian Empire (1721-1917). There are 15 facts listed below. Source: Wikipedia

• Preceded by the Tsardom of Russia (1547-1721)
• Peter I ruled as first emperor 1721-1725
• Catherine the Great ruled 1762-1796
• Occupied Alaska 1799-1867
• Alexander I ruled 1801-1825
• Decemberist revolt (1825)
• Defeated in the Crimean War (1853-1856)
• 23 million serfs emancipated in 1861
• Russian Revolution of 1905
• State Duma created in 1905
• Allied with U.K. and France during World War I (1914-1918)
• Nicholas II overthrown during the February Revolution (1917)
• Newly formed Russian Republic overthrown during the October Revolution (1917)
• Romanov family murdered in 1918
• Followed by the Russian Civil War and the Soviet Union

Collection of facts about Yugoslavia

This post is a collection of facts about Yugoslavia (1918-1992). There are 16 facts listed below. Source: Wikipedia

• Merger of Kingdom of Serbia and State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs in 1918
• Originally named Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes
• Peter I was succeeded by Alexander I in 1921
• Alexander established the 6 January Dictatorship and eliminated the constitution in 1929
• Renamed Kingdom of Yugoslavia in 1929
• Alexander I assassinated in 1934
• Yugoslav coup d'état in 1941
• Invaded by Germany, Italy and Hungary during World War II in 1941
• Josip Broz Tito ruled Yugoslavia 1944 to 1980
• Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia formed in 1945
• Renamed to Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in 1963
• Initial six constituent republics: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, Slovenia
• Kosovo and Vojvodina became autonomous provinces in 1974
• Croatia, Slovenia, Macedonia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (later State Union of Serbia and Montenegro) claim independence between 1991 and 1992
• Disintegrated April 1992
• Followed by the Yugoslav Wars (1991-2001)

List of Survivor seasons with returning contestants

This post is a list of Survivor seasons with returning contestants. There are 15 seasons listed below. Source: Wikipedia

• * Season 8: All Stars (18 returning)
• Season 11: Guatemala (2 returning)
• Season 16: Micronesia (10 returning)
• * Season 20: Heroes vs. Villains (20 returning)
• Season 22: Redemption Island (2 returning)
• Season 23: South Pacific (2 returning)
• Season 25: Philippines (3 returning)
• Season 26: Caramoan (10 returning)
• Season 27: Blood vs. Water (10 returning)
• * Season 31: Cambodia (20 returning)
• * Season 34: Game Changers (20 returning)
• Season 38: Edge of Extinction (4 returning)
• * Season 40: Winners at War (20 returning)
• Season 45: (untitled) (1 returning)
• * Season 50: In the Hands of the Fans (24 returning)

*** seasons with 100% returning contestants

Collection of facts about Czechoslovakia

This post is a collection of facts about Czechoslovakia (1918-1992). There are 10 facts listed below. Source: Wikipedia

• Gained independence from Austria-Hungary in 1918
• Lost the Sudetenland to Nazi Germany in 1938
• During World War II: Slovakia declared independence, Carpathian Ruthenia annexed by Hungary, Czech lands annexed by German Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia 
• Third Czechoslovak Republic formed in 1945
• Part of the Eastern Bloc from 1948 to 1989
• Joined Comecon in 1949
• Signed Warsaw Pact in 1955
• Prague Spring liberalization in 1968 followed by Soviet Union invasion
• Velvet Revolution overthrew communist government in 1989
• Split into two countries (Czech Republic and Slovakia) in 1992

Collection of facts about the British Raj

This post is a collection of facts about the British Raj (1858-1947). There are 14 facts list below. Source: Wikipedia

• United Kingdom rule of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh
• Preceded by the East India Company (EIC)
• Indian Rebellion of 1857 resulted in transfer from EIC to British Crown
• Indian National Congress founded in 1885
• Partition of Bengal (1905) divided Bengal into two provinces
• All-India Muslim League founded in 1906
• Lucknow Pact (1916) between Indian National Congress and Muslim League
• Rowlatt Act (1919) allowed arrests without a trial
• Jallianwala Bagh massacre in 1919
• Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms (1919) expanded Indian representation
• Non-cooperation movement (1920-1922)
• Government of India Act 1935 allowed independent legislative assemblies
• Quit India Movement (1942-1945)
• Succeeded by the partition of India (creation of India and Pakistan) in 1947

Collection of facts about the Spanish flu

This post is a collection of facts about the Spanish flu (1918-1920). There are 16 facts listed below.

• H1N1 subtype of the influenza A virus
• Indeterminate origin (newspapers misattributed epicenter to Spain)
• Began during the end of World War I
• Possibly began at an army camp in Étaples, France in 1916
• First recorded case in Haskell County, Kansas (January 1918)
• Conventionally began March 4th, 1918 at Camp Funston in Kansas
• Reached European ports in April 1918
• Reported in China in June 1918
• Second wave began in August 1918
• United States had 292,000 deaths between Sept - Dec 1918
• India had estimated 12 million deaths in 1918
• Third wave began in early 1919
• Fourth wave occurred late 1919 - early 1920
• Considered over by mid-1920
• Cases: 500 million (1/3 of the world population)
• Deaths: 17 - 100 million

Collection of facts about the July Revolution

This post is a collection of facts about the July Revolution (1830). There are 9 facts listed below. Source: Wikipedia

• Occurred July 26th - July 29th, 1830 (three days of riots)
• Preceded by July Ordinances ending the Chamber of Deputies, liberty of the press and excluding commercial middle class from elections
• Newspapers collectively agreed to not shut down
• Followed by three days of riots
• Tuileries Palace, the Louvre and Hôtel de Ville sacked on July 29th
• Charles X (Bourbon dynasty) was overthrown
• Louis Philippe I (Orléans dynasty) became King
• Hereditary right replaced with popular sovereignty
• Louis Philippe I later overthrown in 1848

Collection of facts about the Great Purge

This post is a collection of facts about the Great Purge (1936-1938). There are 10 facts listed below. Source: Wikipedia

• Political purge in the Soviet Union lead by Joseph Stalin
• Conducted by the NKVD (secret police of the USSR)
• NKVD lead by Genrikh Yagoda and Nikolai Yezhov
• Assassination of Sergei Kirov in 1934 led to show trials
• Removal of the 'Old Bolsheviks' within party leadership
• Removal of Red Army commanders
• Removal of the 'intelligentsia' (educated people) and wealthy peasants
• Dissenters sent to Gulag labor camps or killed
• Leon Trotsky later assassinated in 1940
• Total deaths: 700,000 to 1.2 million

Collection of facts about the Great Leap Forward

This post is a collection of facts about the Great Leap Forward (1958-1962). There are 8 facts listed below. Source: Wikipedia

• Goal to industrialize China and establish state-operated communes
• Private farming banned
• 25,000 communes averaging 5,000 households each in 1958
• Enforced grain quotas and widespread misreporting
• China was a net exporter of grain during 1958-1960
• Infrastructure projects included bridges, railroads, canals, reservoirs
• Caused the Great Chinese Famine (1959-1961)
• Total deaths: 15 - 55 million

Collection of facts about the Wall Street crash of 1929

This post is a collection of facts about the Wall Street crash of 1929. There are 14 facts listed below. Source: Wikipedia

• Preceded by speculative boom in the 1920s
• Many retail investors borrowed money to buy shares
• DJIA 381.17 stock market peak on Sept 3rd, 1929
• 32.6 P/E ratio of S&P Composite stocks in Sept, 1929
• Stock market down 10% in Sept, 1929
• 4.6% decline on Oct 23rd, 1929
• 11% decline at opening bell on Oct 24th, 1929 (Black Thursday)
• DJIA recovered and closed down 2.09% on Oct 24th, 1929
• 12.82% decline on Oct 28th, 1929 (Black Monday)
• 11.73% decline on Oct 29th, 1929 (Black Tuesday)
• 12.34% gain on Oct 30th, 1929
• DJIA closed at 198.60 on Nov 13th, 1929
• DJIA recovered to 294.07 on April 17th, 1930
• DJIA fell to lowest level at 41.22 on July 8th, 1932 (89.2% loss from peak)

Collection of facts about the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki

This post is a collection of facts about the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki (1945). There are 10 facts listed below. Source: Wikipedia

• Hiroshima bombed on August 6th, 1945 (Little Boy)
• Nagasaki bombed on August 9th, 1945 (Fat Man)
• Total deaths: 150,000 to 246,000 (half in the first day)
• 90% of deaths were civilians
• Preceded by air raids on 64 Japanese cities
• Allies considered invading mainland Japan
• Germany surrendered on May 8th, 1945
• Allies demanded Japanese surrender in Potsdam Declaration on July 26th, 1945
• Japan surrendered on August 15th, 1945
• Resulted in the end of World War II

Collection of facts about the Balfour Declaration

This post is a collection of facts about the Balfour Declaration (1917). There are 7 facts listed below. Source: Wikipedia

• British government issued public statement supporting the creation of a Jewish nation
• Proposed in Palestine, then part of the Ottoman Empire
• Signed by Arthur Balfour, the British foreign secretary
• Published November 9th, 1917
• Preceded by British committee established in 1915 to determine plan for the Ottoman Empire
• Preceded by Sykes-Picot Agreement for dividing the region in 1916
• Led to creation of the state of Israel in 1948

Collection of facts about the 1973 oil crisis

This post is a collection of facts about the 1973 oil crisis. There are 9 facts listed below. Source: Wikipedia

• Caused by the Yom Kippur War (Israel vs. Egypt, Syria)
• OAPEC implemented oil embargo on countries supporting Israel in October 1973
• Included Canada, Japan, Netherlands, United Kingdom, United States, Portugal, Rhodesia, South Africa
• Oil barrel price rose from $3 to $12 (300% increase)
• Central banks cut interest rates to promote economic growth
• Various gasoline rationing schemes implemented
• U.S. implemented 55 mph national maximum speed limit
• Israel withdrew troops from west side of Suez Canal in March 1974
• Embargo ended in March 1974

Collection of facts about Vikings

This post is a collection of facts about Vikings (8th - 11th centuries AD). There are 8 facts listed below. Source: Wikipedia

• Seafaring people from Scandinavia
• Sailed to Mediterranean, North Africa, Middle East, Greenland, North America, Eastern Europe
• Spoke Old Norse and influenced English language
• Practiced Old Norse religion and later became Christians
• Known as Varangians in Eastern Europe
• Established Kievan Rus'
• Established Duchy of Normandy and descendants were Normans
• Provided security for the Byzantine emperor and later attacked Constantinople

Collection of facts about Bleeding Kansas

This post is a collection of facts about Bleeding Kansas (1854-1861). There are 8 facts listed below. Source: Wikipedia

• Debate on slavery in the new state of Kansas
• Occurred in Kansas and Missouri
• Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 made slavery to be decided by popular vote by the state's settlers
• Fighting broke out as people claimed to be residents of Kansas
• Congressional investigation determined majority of settlers wanted Kansas to be a free state
• Kansas joined the Union in 1861
• Estimated 56 - 200 deaths
• Led to the American Civil War

Collection of facts about John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry

This post is a collection of facts about John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry (1859). There are 8 facts listed below. Source: Wikipedia

• Occurred October 16-18, 1859
• John Brown raided an armory in Harpers Ferry, West Virginia
• Goal to initiate a slave revolt
• Led party of 22 men
• Defeated by U.S. Marines
• 10 raiders killed, 1 Marine killed, 7 executed afterwards, 5 escaped
• John Brown executed December 2, 1859
• Led to the American Civil War

Collection of Progressive Era issues

This post is a collection of Progressive Era issues in the United States (1890s - 1920s). There are 21 issues listed below. Source: Wikipedia

• Child labor
• Direct election of senators
• Environmentalism and conservation
• Fair competition and trustbusting
• Food quality
• Immigration
• Infrastructure and roads
• Labor unions
• Maximum work hours
• Meatpacking industry
• Minimum wage
• National parks
• Political corruption
• Prohibition of alcohol
• Public education
• Race relations
• Sexual health
• Unsafe working conditions
• Urban poverty
• Wealth inequality
• Women's suffrage

Collection of facts about the Louisiana Purchase

This post is a collection of facts about the Louisiana Purchase (1803). There are 11 facts listed below. Source: Wikipedia

• United States acquired Louisiana territory from France
• France controlled this territory 1682-1762 and 1800-1803
• Spanish control 1762-1800
• Authorized by Thomas Jefferson
• Land west of the Mississippi River
• Included parts of Louisiana, Arkansas, Missouri, Iowa, Minnesota, Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, Nebraska, South Dakota, North Dakota, New Mexico, Colorado, Wyoming, Montana, Saskatchewan, Alberta
• 828,000 square miles
• 26% of the contiguous United States
• Exchanged for $15 million
• Western borders settled in the Adams-Onís Treaty (1819) with Spain
• Northern borders settled in the Treaty of 1818 with Britain

Collection of facts about the Republic of Texas

This post is a collection of facts about the Republic of Texas (1836-1846). There are 9 facts listed below. Source: Wikipedia

• Disputed territory included parts of Colorado, Kansas, Oklahoma, New Mexico, Texas, Wyoming
• Mexico introduced new constitution abolishing state authority in 1835
• Lead to the Texas Revolution in 1835
• Texas declared independence from Mexico in 1836
• David G. Burnet served as interim President
• Sam Houston served as first President (1836-1838)
• Fought in the Comanche Wars
• Annexed by the United States in 1945
• Led to the Mexican-American War

Collection of facts about the Whig Party in the United States

This post is a collection of facts about the Whig party (1833-1854) in the United States. There are 8 facts listed below. Source: Wikipedia

• Four Whig presidents: William Henry Harrison (1841), John Tyler (1841-1845), Zachary Taylor (1949-1850), Millard Fillmore (1850-1853)
• Against territorial expansion westward
• Supported tariffs, infrastructure subsidies, national bank
• Opposed Andrew Jackson
• Henry Clay lost 1844 presidential election to James K. Polk
• Kansas-Nebraska Act in 1854 lead to Whig decline
• Anti-slavery Whigs joined the Republican Party
• Pro-slavery Whigs joined the Democrat Party

Collection of facts about the Paris Commune

This post is a collection of facts about the Paris Commune (1871). There are 8 facts listed below. Source: Wikipedia

• French revolutionaries seized power in parts of Paris
• Lasted March 18th - May 28th
• Preceded by the French defeat in the Franco-Prussian War
• Policies included closure of all Catholic churches, self-policing, rent reduction, worker controlled enterprises
• French army invaded May 21st and recaptured Paris
• Between 10,000 to 20,000 Communards killed
• 43,522 Communards taken as prisoners
• 13,500 found guilty and 95 executed

Collection of facts about the Hungarian Revolution of 1848

This post is a collection of facts about Hungarian Revolution of 1848. There are 10 facts listed below. Source: Wikipedia

• Hungary implemented democratic parliamentary elections in April 1848
• Austrian leader Franz Joseph I revoked the new democratic laws
• Resulted in fall of Lajos Batthyány pacifist government
• Lajos Kossuth's followers demanded independence from Habsburg dynasty
• Serb Uprising (1848-1849)
• Slovak Uprising (1848-1849)
• Transylvania massacres (1848-1849)
• Russia sent forces to suppress the revolution in 1849
• Hungarian rebel generals and Lajos Batthyány executed
• Habsburg power reinstated and revolution defeated

Collection of facts about the Peninsular War

This post is a collection of facts about the Peninsular War (1808-1814). There are 11 facts listed below. Source: Wikipedia

• France vs. Spain, Portugal, United Kingdom
• Part of the Napoleonic Wars
• France and Spain invaded Portugal in 1807
• France occupied Spain in 1808
• Ferdinand VII and Charles IV abdicated
• Joseph Bonaparte ruled Spain and implemented Bayonne Constitution
• Spanish victory at Battle of Bailén (1808)
• France reconstituted occupying government in Cádiz in 1810
• Spanish Constitution of 1812 implemented
• Allied victory at Battle of Vitoria (1813)
• French forces withdrew from Spain during winter of 1813-1814

Collection of facts about the Finnish Civil War

This post is a collection of facts about the Finnish Civil War (1918). There are 8 facts listed below. Source: Wikipedia

• White Finland vs. Red Finland (Finnish Socialist Worker's Republic)
• Preceded by World War I and collapse of the Russian Empire
• Previously ruled by Russia and led to a power vacuum in Finland
• White Finland supported by Germany
• Red Finland supported by Russia
• Victory for White Finland
• Resulted in democratic and sovereign Finland
• Total deaths: about 38,000

Collection of facts about the Weimar Republic

This post is a collection of facts about the Weimar Republic (1918-1933). There are 17 facts listed below. Source: Wikipedia

• Capital: Weimar, Germany
• Constitutional republic with constituent assembly
• Formed after the First World World
• Treaty of Versailles (1919)
• Liable for 132 billion Reichsmarks worth of gold or commodities
• Kapp Putsch coup attempt led by Wolfgang Kapp in 1920
• Beer Hall Putsch coup attempt led by Adolf Hitler in 1923
• Hyperinflation of the Reichsmark (1921-1923)
• Reichsmark replaced by Rentenmark in November 1923
• Joined League of Nations in 1926
• High unemployment from the Great Depression
• Rule by decree began in 1930
• Nazi Party won 37.3% of the general election vote in 1932
• Paul von Hindenburg appointed Adolf Hitler as chancellor in January 1933
• Reichstag Fire in February 1933
• Ended with the Enabling Act in March 1933
• Succeeded by Nazi Germany

Collection of facts about the Estado Novo

This post is a collection of facts about the Estado Novo (1933-1974). There are 12 facts listed below. Source: Wikipedia

• Authoritarian Portuguese state
• Preceded by Ditadura Nacional and the coup d'état of 28 May 1926
• António de Oliveira Salazar was President of the Council of Ministers (1932-1968)
• Retained colonial territories in Angola and Mozambique
• Co-founded Organization for European Economic Co-operation in 1948
• Co-founded North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in 1949
• Joined European Free Trade Association in 1960
• Joined General Agreement of Tariffs and Trade in 1962
• Marcelo Caetano succeeded Salazar in 1968
• Free trade agreement with European Economic Community in 1972
• Averaged 5.7% annual growth in GDP per capita
• Ended with the Carnation Revolution in 1974

Collection of facts about the Greek War of Independence

This post is a collection of facts about the Greek War of Independence (1821-1829). There are 13 facts listed below. Source: Wikipedia

• Greece vs. Ottoman Empire
• Filiki Eteria secretly formed in 1814
• Insurrection planned for March 25th, 1821 but was discovered early
• Revolt began February 1821 in Danubian Principalities
• Uprising spread to Peloponnese, Crete and Macedonia
• Greece captured Tripolitsa in September 1821
• Ottoman navy fought Greek fleet in Aegean Sea
• Greek civil wars (1823-1825)
• Eyalet of Egypt (Ottoman vassal) invaded Greece in 1825
• British, French and Russian forces arrived in 1827
• Battle of Navarino in 1827
• Egyptian forces withdrew in 1828
• Greece recognized as independent in 1830

Collection of facts about the Irish War of Independence

This post is a collection of facts about the Irish War of Independence (1919-1921). There are 11 facts listed below. Source: Wikipedia

• Irish Republic vs. United Kingdom
• Preceded by Easter Rising in 1916
• Sinn Féin party won in Ireland during 1918 U.K. general election 
• Ireland declared independence in January 1919
• Dáil Éireann government established
• Bloody Sunday on November 21st, 1920
• Ireland partitioned in May 1921 and U.K. retained Northern Ireland
• Anglo-Irish Treaty signed December 1921
• Irish Free State created December 1922
• About 2,300 deaths
• Followed by the Irish Civil War

Bainbridge Baseball fantasy baseball history

This post has Bainbridge Baseball fantasy baseball history. There have been two keeper leagues: 2005-2007 and 2012-2014. There are 20 seasons listed below.

Regular season champions

2005: Jordan Gaphni

2006: Alex Peek

2007: Alex Peek

------

2008: Brendan Gawlowski

2009: Ross Olason

2010: Brendan Gawlowski

2011: Jake Sousa

-----

2012: James Coatsworth

2013: Ross Olason

2014: James Coatsworth

------

2015: Jordan Gaphni

2016: Tanner Bogardus

2017: Brendan Gawlowski

2018: Tom Eberlin

2019: Brendan Gawlowski

2020: (cancelled)

2021: Sierra Gawlowski

2022: Ross Olason

2023: Kyle Kuhn

2024: Kyle Kuhn

2025: Ross Olason

Playoff champions

2005: Brendan Gawlowski

2006: Ross Olason

2007: Jordan Gaphni

------

2008: (roto season)

2009: Ross Olason

2010: Ross Olason

2011: Ross Olason

------

2012: James Coatsworth

2013: James Coatsworth

2014: Brendan Gawlowski

------

2015: Brendan Gawlowski

2016: Tom Eberlin

2017: Brendan Gawlowski

2018: Ross Olason

2019: Brendan Gawlowski

2020: (cancelled)

2021: Tom Eberlin

2022: Ross Olason

2023: Ross Olason

2024: Ross Olason

2025: Ross Olason

Totals

Ross Olason: 4 regular season, 9 playoff

Brendan Gawlowski: 4 regular season, 5 playoff

James Coatsworth: 2 regular season, 2 playoff 

Jordan Gaphni: 2 regular season, 1 playoff

Tom Eberlin: 1 regular season, 2 playoff

Alex Peek: 2 regular season, 0 playoff

Kyle Kuhn: 2 regular season, 0 playoff

Sierra Gawlowski: 1 regular season, 0 playoff

Tanner Bogardus: 1 regular season, 0 playoff

Jake Sousa: 1 regular season, 0 playoffs