Collection of facts about the Thirty Years' War

This post is a collection of facts about the Thirty Years' War (1618-1648). There are 12 facts listed below. Source: Wikipedia

• Caused by religious conflict, French-Habsburg rivalry and Dutch Revolt
• Ferdinand II replaced by Frederick V as king of Bohemia in 1618
• Ferdinand II regained control during the Bohemian Revolt
• Frederick V expanded fighting into the Palatinate
• Dutch Republic, Spain, Denmark and Sweden intervened
• Civil war within Holy Roman Empire largely ended with Peace of Prague in 1635
• France entered the war against Habsburg rivals (Spain, Holy Roman Empire)
• Peace of Westphalia ended the war in 1648
• Bavaria and Saxony gained greater autonomy
• Sweden gained territory in northern Germany
• Dutch Republic gained independence
• 4,500,000 to 8,000,000 deaths