This post is a list of Caliphate political leaders (level 4 vital articles on Wikipedia). There are 6 political leaders listed below chronologically. Source: Wikipedia
Abu Bakr (c. 573 - 634 AD)
"...first caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate... accompanied Muhammad on his migration to Medina... served as the first amir al-hajj in 631... overcame a number of uprisings, collectively known as the Ridda Wars... expanded the rule of the Muslim state over the entire Arabian Peninsula... incursions into the neighboring Sasanian and Byzantine empires... credited for the compilation of the Quran..." (Wikipedia: Abu Bakr, 2.13.26 UTC 13:45)
Umar (c. 583 - 644 AD)
"...second Rashidun caliph... He participated in nearly all of Muhammad's battles and expeditions... pledged allegiance to Abu Baker... served as his chief adviser... conquering the Sasanian Empire and more than two-thirds of the Byzantine Empire... lifted the Christian ban on Jews entering Jerusalem... introducing the Hijri Calendar... In Twelver Shia tradition, however, he is viewed negatively." (Wikipedia: Umar, 2.13.26 UTC 12:47)
Uthman (c. 573 - 656 AD)
"...third caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate... a second cousin, son-in-law, and senior companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad... compilation of the standardized version of the Quran... expanded further into Persia and reached as far as the provinces of Khurasan and Tranxoxiana in the East as well as Ifriqiya and the Iberian Peninsula in the West... Sunni Muslim tradition considers him the third rightly-guided caliph." (Wikipedia: Uthman, 2.15.26 UTC 04:11)
Mu'awiya I (c. 597 - 605 AD)
"...founder and first caliph of the Umayyad Caliphate... one of Muhammad's scribes... commander in the conquest of Syria... becoming governor of Syria... directed the war effort against the Byzantine Empire... opposed the election of Ali. During the First Fitna, the two led their armies to a stalemate... failed siege of Constantinople... conquest of Ifriqiya... In Shia Islam, Mu'awiya is reviled for opposing Ali..." (Wikipedia: Mu'awiya I, 1.23.26 UTC 11:26)
Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan (c. 644 - 705 AD)
"...fifth Umayyad caliph... held administrative and military posts under Caliph Mu'awiya I... and this own father, Caliph Marwan I... failed invasion of Iraq... focused on securing Syria... unfavorable truce with the reinvigorated Byzantine Empire... conquered Zubayrid Iraq... war with Byzantium resumed... conquests of western North Africa and the Iberian Peninsula... founding of the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem..." (Wikipedia: Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan,
Harun al-Rashid (c. 763 - 809 AD)
"...fifth Abbasid caliph... beginning of the Islamic Golden Age... established the legendary library Bayt al-Hikma in Baghdad... moved his court and government to Raqqa... hostilities broke out with Byzantium... Frankish mission came to offer Harun friendship in 799." (Wikipedia: Harun al-Rashid, 2.8.26 UTC 16:24)
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