Friday, February 13, 2026

List of Holy Roman Empire political leaders (level 4 vital articles on Wikipedia)

This post is a list of Holy Roman Empire political leaders (level 4 vital articles on Wikipedia). There are 13 political leaders listed below chronologically. Source: Wikipedia

Otto the Great (912 - 973 AD)
"...inherited the Duchy of Saxony... continued his father's work of unifying all German tribes... transformed the church in Germany to strengthen royal authority... defeated the Magyars... conquered the Kingdom of Italy... crowned emperor in 962 by Pope XII in Rome." (Wikipedia: Otto the Great, 2.9.26 UTC 20:52)

Henry IV (1050-1106)
"...preeminent role in the Investiture Controversy, his 'Walk to Canossa' and his family conflicts established his controversial reputation..." (Wikipedia: Henry IV, 2.9.26 UTC 22:51)

Frederick Barbarossa (1122-1190)
"...by inheritance Duke of Swabia before his imperial election in 1152... joined the Third Crusade and opted to travel overland to the Holy Land... re-establishment of the Corpus Juris Civilis or the Roman rule of law, which counterbalanced Papal power..." (Wikipedia: Frederick Barbarossa, 1.17.26 UTC 00:02)

Frederick II (1194-1250)
"...often vilified in pro-papal chronicles... Pope Innocent IV went so far as to declare him preambulus Antichristi (forerunner of the Antichrist)... reputation as a Renaissance man... avid patrol of science and the arts..." (Wikipedia: Frederick II, 2.10.26 UTC 19:02)

Charles IV (1316-1378)
"...promulgated the Golden Bull of 1356 whereby the succession to the imperial title was laid down, which held for the next four centuries... He also organized the states of the empire into peace-keeping confederations." (Wikipedia: Charles IV, 2.1.26 UTC 16:51)

Sigismund (1368-1437)
"...one of the driving forces behind the Council of Constance (1414-1418) that ending the Papal Schism, but which also led to the Hussite Wars... gained and led an imperial association almost reaching the size of the later Habsburg Empire..." (Wikipedia: Sigismund, 2.12.26 UTC 20:14)

Maximilian I (1459-1519)
"...broke the tradition of requiring a papal coronation for the adoption of the Imperial title... expanded the influence of the House of Habsburg... helped establish the Habsburg dynasty in Spain... (Wikipedia: Maximilian I, 2.4.26 UTC 08:22)

Charles V (1500-1558)
"...sided with Pope Leo X and declared Martin Luther an outlaw at the Diet of Worms in 1521... war in Italy that led to his capture in the Battle of Pavia. In 1527, Rome was sacked... defended Vienna from the Turks... conceded the Peace of Augsburg..." (Wikipedia: Charles V, 2.11.26 UTC 19:33)

Ferdinand I (1503-1564)
"...conflict with the Ottoman Empire... and the Protestant Reformation... reintroduced major innovations of his grandfather Maximilian I such as the Hofrat (court council)... Raitkammer (collections office) and the Hofkriegsrat... (Wikipedia: Ferdinand I, 1.27.26 UTC 19:51)

Leopold I (1640-1705)
"...conflicts with the Ottoman Empire in the Great Turkish War (1683-1699) and rivalry with Louis XIV... three wars against France: the Franco-Dutch War, the Nine Years' War, and the War of Spanish Succession." (Wikipedia: Leopold I, 2.3.26 UTC 15:50)

Maria Theresa (1717-1780)
"...eight-year conflict known as the War of the Austrian Succession... successfully defended her rule over most of the Habsburg monarchy, apart from the loss of Silesia... later unsuccessfully tired to recover Silesia during the Seven Years' War." (Wikipedia: Maria Theresa, 1.31.26 UTC 21:24)

Joseph II (1741-1790)
"...union of the Houses of Habsburg and Lorraine, styled Habsburg-Lorraine... proponent of enlightened absolutism... supporter of the arts, particularly of composers such as Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Antonio Salieri" (Wikipedia: Joseph II, 2.1.26 UTC 05:53)

Francis II (1768-1835)
"...last Holy Roman Emperor from 1792 to 1806... first Emperor of Austria from 1804 to 1835... first president of the German Confederation... adversary in the Napoleonic Wars... defeated him in the War of the Sixth Coalition... (Wikipedia: Francis II, 2.12.26 UTC 18:54)

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