Top 10 fastest 100 meter sprinters by fastest time

This post is a list of the top 10 fastest 100 meter sprinters by fastest time as of September 2023. The year of each record is also listed. Source: Wikipedia

1. Usain Bolt: 9.58 seconds (2009)
2. Tyson Gay: 9.69 seconds (2009)

2. Yohan Blake: 9.69 seconds (2012)

4. Asafa Powell: 9.72 seconds (2008)

5. Justin Gatlin: 9.74 seconds (2015)

6. Christian Coleman: 9.76 seconds (2019)

6. Trayvon Bromell: 9.76 seconds (2021)

6. Fred Kerley: 9.76 seconds (2022)

9. Ferdinand Omanyala: 9.77 seconds (2021)

10. Nesta Carter: 9.78 seconds (2010)

Richard Stallman and free software

Richard Stallman (1953 - now) is an American programmer best known for his contributions to the free software movement and starting the GNU Project in 1983. The rest of this post is some quotes from Stallman.

1. "I consider that the Golden Rule requires that if I like a program, I must share it with other people who like it. Software sellers want to divide the users and conquer them, making each user agree not to share with others. I refuse to break solidarity with other users in this way." (GNU Manifesto, 1985)

2. "GNU is not in the public domain. Everyone will be permitted to modify and redistribute GNU, but no distributor will be allowed to restrict its further distribution. That is to say, proprietary modifications will not be allowed. I want to make sure that all versions of GNU remain free." (GNU Manifesto, 1985)

3. "The term 'free software' has an ambiguity problem: an unintended meaning, 'software you can get for zero price' fits the term just as the intended meaning, 'software which gives the user certain freedoms'." (Why 'Free Software' is Better than 'Open Source', 1998)

4. "The official definition of 'open source software' as published by the Open Source Initiative, is very close to our definition of free software; however it is a little looser in some respects, and they have accepted a few licenses that we consider unacceptably restrictive of users. However, the obvious meaning for the expression 'open source software' is, 'you can look at the source code'. This is a much weaker criterion than free software; it includes free software, but also some proprietary programs... That obvious meaning for 'open source' is not the meaning that its advocates intend. The result is that most people misunderstand what those advocates are advocating." (Why 'Free Software' is Better than 'Open Source', 1998)

5. "To be able to choose between proprietary software packages is to be able to choose your master. Freedom means not having a master." (The Free Software Movement and the Future of Freedom, 2006)

Linus Torvalds and open source software

Linus Torvalds (1969 - now) is a Swedish programmer best known for creating the Linux operating system. The rest of this post is some quotes from Torvalds.

1. "I changed the Linux copyright license to be the GPL some time in the first half of 1992. Mostly because I had hated the lack of a cheaply and easily available UNIX when I had looked for one a year before." (Linuxfocus.org)

2. "I often compare open source to science. To where science took this whole notion of developing ideas in the open and improving on other peoples' ideas and making it into what science is today and the incredible advances that we have had." (Interview with Kristie Lu Stout, Reclusive Linux Founder Opens Up, edition.cnn.com, 2006)

3. "The big thing about distributed source control is that it makes one of the main issues with SCM's go away - the politics around, 'who can make changes'." (Linux.com)

4. "I'm a huge believer in evolution... in the sense, 'the processes of evolution are really fundamental and should probably be at least thought about in pretty much any context'." (linux-kernel mailing list, 2006)

List of late-modern history level 4 vital articles on Wikipedia

This post is a list of late-modern history level 4 vital articles on Wikipedia as of December 24th, 2023. There are 171 articles listed below. Source: Wikipedia

    General

• Late modern period
• Contemporary history
• 1973 oil crisis
• COVID-19 pandemic
• Abolitionism
• Civil rights movements
• Cold War
• Nuclear arms race
• Collective farming
• Decolonization
• 2007-2008 financial crisis
• Great Depression
• Green Revolution
• Industrial Revolution
• Information Age
• New Imperialism
• Post-World War II economic expansion
• Sexual revolution
• Space Race
• Moon landing
• Spanish flu
• War on terror

    World War I

• World War I
• Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
• Balfour Declaration
• Balkans Campaign
• Eastern Front
• Italian Front
• Middle Eastern theatre of World War I
• Western Front

    World War II

• World War II
• Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
• Attack on Pearl Harbor
• Battle of the Atlantic
• Battle of Britain
• Eastern Front
• The Holocaust
• Mediterranean and Middle East theatre of World War II
• Pacific War
• Western Front
• Yalta Conference

    North America

• American Civil War
• American Indian Wars
• American frontier
• Civil rights movement
• Confederate States of America
• Cuban Missile Crisis
• Cuban Revolution
• Dust Bowl
• Manhattan Project
• Mexican War of Independence
• Mexican Revolution
• Mexican-American War
• Monroe Doctrine
• New Deal
• September 11 attacks
• Spanish-American War
• Wall Street Crash of 1929
• War of 1812

    South America

• Empire of Brazil
• Gran Colombia
• War of the Pacific
• Paraguayan War

    Asia

• Afghan conflict
• Great Game
• Iran-Iraq War
• Iranian Revolution
• Persian Constitutional Revolution

    East Asia

• 1931 China floods
• Boxer Rebellion
• Chinese Civil War
• Cultural Revolution
• Empire of Japan
• First Opium War
• Fist Sino-Japanese War
• Great Leap Forward
• Korean War
• Meiji Restoration
• Russo-Japanese War
• Second Opium War
• 1911 Revolution
• Second Sino-Japanese War
• Nanjing Massacre
• Taiping Rebellion
• 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre

    Southeast Asia

• 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami
• Dutch East Indies
• French Indochina
• Indonesian National Revolution
• Nguyễn dynasty
• Philippine-American War
• Philippine Revolution
• Konbaung dynasty
• Vietnam War
• Khmer Rouge
• First Indochina War

    South Asia

• 1970 Bhola cyclone
• Bangladesh Liberation War
• British Raj
• Indian independence movement
• Indian Rebellion of 1857
• Partition of India
• Sri Lankan Civil War

    West Asia

• Arab-Israeli conflict
• Armenian genocide
• Gulf War
• Iraq War
• Israeli-Palestinian conflict
• Turkish War of Independence

    Europe (basic)

• Austrian Empire
• Austria-Hungary
• Congress of Vienna
• European integration
• Iron Curtain
• Revolutions of 1848
• Treaty of Versailles

    Eastern Europe

• Balkan Wars
• Chernobyl disaster
• Congress of Berlin
• Crimean War
• Czechoslovakia
• Eastern Bloc
• Warsaw Pact
• French invasion of Russia
• Greek War of Independence
• Hungarian Revolution of 1956
• Polish-Soviet War
• Prague Spring
• Russian Revolution of 1905
• Revolutions of 1989
• Russian Civil War
• Russian Empire
• Russian Revolution
• Russo-Turkish War
• Soviet Union
• Dissolution of the Soviet Union
• Great Purge
• Gulag
• Holodomor
• Population transfer in the Soviet Union
• Yugoslavia

    Western Europe

• Berlin Wall
• Dreyfus affair
• Franco-Prussian War
• German Confederation
• German Empire
• German reunification
• Great Famine
• Unification of Italy
• July Revolution
• Napoleonic Wars
• Nazi Germany
• Nazi concentration camps
• Paris Commune
• Sinking of the RMS Titanic
• Spanish Civil War
• The Troubles
• Unification of Germany

    Africa

• Algerian War
• Angolan Civil War
• Anglo-Zulu War
• Apartheid
• Congo Free State
• Ethiopian Civil War
• Nigerian Civil War
• Rwandan genocide
• Scramble for Africa
• Second Boer War
• Second Congo War
• Second Italo-Ethiopian War
• Sokoto Caliphate

License: CC BY-SA 4.0

Eric S. Raymond and open source

Eric S. Raymond (1957 - now) is an American programmer best known writing The Cathedral and the Bazaar (1997). The rest of this post is some quotes from Raymond.

1. "Good programmers know what to write. Great ones know what to rewrite (and reuse)." (The Cathedral and the Bazaar, 1997)

2. "From nearly the beginning, [Linux] was rather casually hacked on by huger numbers of volunteers coordinating only through the internet." (The Cathedral and the Bazaar, 1997)

3. "You cannot motivate the best people with money. Money is just a way to keep score. The best people in any field are motivated by passion." (AZQuotes.com)

Ted Nelson and hypertext

Ted Nelson (1937 - now) is an American technologist best known for coining the term 'hypertext'. Wikipedia says,

"Nelson founded Project Xanadu in 1960, with the goal of creating a computer network with a simple user interface." (Wikipedia: Ted Nelson, 12.23.23 UTC 04:16)

Jaron Lanier says,

"A core technical difference between a Nelsonian network and what we have become familiar with online is that [Nelson's] network links were two-way instead of one-way." (Who Owns the Future, 2013)

The rest of this post is some quotes from Nelson.

 

Hypertext

"Let me introduce the word 'hypertext' to mean a body of written or pictorial material interconnected in such a way that it could not conveniently be presented or represented on paper." (Proceedings of the 20th National Conference of the Association of Computing Machinery, 1965)

"The four walls of paper are like a prison because every idea wants to spring out in all directions - everything is connected with everything else, sometimes more than others." (AZQuotes.com)

"So that notion of hypertext seemed to me immediately obvious because footnotes were already the ideas wriggling, struggling to get free, like a cat trying to get out of your arms." (AZquotes.com)

List of history level 3 vital articles on Wikipedia (non-region/subject)

This post is a list of history level 3 vital articles on Wikipedia (non-region/subject) as of December 24th, 2023. There are 60 articles listed below. Source: Wikipedia

    Prehistory

• Prehistory
• Stone Age
• Early human migrations
• Neolithic Revolution

    Ancient history

• Ancient history
• Bronze Age
• Ancient Egypt
• Indus Valley Civilization
• Mesopotamia
• Sumer
• Phoenicia
• Iron Age
• Ancient Greece
• Ancient Rome
• Achaemenid Empire
• Gupta Empire
• Han dynasty
• Silk Road
• Pre-Columbian era
• Andean civilization
• Mesoamerica
• Maya civilization

    Post-classical history

• Post-classical history
• Aztecs
• Inca Empire
• Islamic Golden Age
• Middle Ages
• Black Death
• Byzantine Empire
• Crusades
• Holy Roman Empire
• Viking Age
• Mongol Empire
• Ottoman Empire
• Tang dynasty

    Modern history

• Early modern period
• Renaissance
• Age of Discovery
• European colonization of the Americas
• Western imperialism in Asia
• Spanish Empire
• Reformation
• Mughal Empire
• Scientific Revolution
• Age of Enlightenment
• Late modern period
• British Empire
• American Revolution
• French Revolution
• Industrial Revolution
• Scramble for Africa
• World War I
• Soviet Union
• Great Depression
• World War II
• Contemporary history
• Decolonization
• Cold War
• Green Revolution
• Information Age

License: CC BY-SA 4.0