Collection of initial James Webb telescope images

This post is a collection of James Webb telescope images in its initial releases last week. There are 5 images listed below alphabetically.

Cosmic Cliffs of Carina Nebula

Photo source: Wikimedia Commons, NASA

Galaxy cluster SMACS 0723

Photo source: Wikimedia Commons, NASA

Jupiter and its moon Europa (infrared)

Photo source: Wikimedia Commons, NASA

Southern Ring Nebula

Photo source: Wikimedia Commons, NASA

Stephan's Quintet

Photo source: Wikimedia Commons, NASA

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license

This post is a quote from the human-readable summary of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license.

"You are free to:

• Share - copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format
• Adapt - remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially

Under the following terms:

• Attribution - You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
• No additional restrictions - You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits."

Source: Creative Commons

License: CC BY 4.0

Fair use: 17 U.S. Code § 107

This post is a quote about fair use from Title 17 of the United States Code, section 107. Source: Cornell Law School, Legal Information Institute

"Notwithstanding the provisions of sections 106 and 106A, the fair use of a copyrighted work, including such use by reproduction in copies or phonorecords or by any other means specified by that section, for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching (including multiple copies for classroom use), scholarship, or research, is not an infringement or copyright. In determining whether the use made of a work in any particular case is a fair use the factors to be considered shall include:

1. the purpose and character of the use, including whether such use is of a commercial nature or is for nonprofit educational purposes;
2. the nature of the copyrighted work;
3. the amount and substantiality of the portion used in relation to the copyrighted work as a whole; and
4. the effect of the use upon the potential market for or value of the copyrighted work."

Catherine Stihler: Creative Commons license

This post is a collection of quotes from Catherine Stihler in an interview on the Walled Culture podcast in 2022 titled Catherine Stihler: Creative Commons, the EU Copyright Directive, and Civil Society's Role. The video for this interview can be found at this link. I recommend listening to the interview. There are 3 quotes listed below chronologically.

1. "I think from our perspective, we see the value through openly sharing content works in terms of no knowledge is built alone, but knowledge is built on other knowledge, and creativity is built on other creativity. " (27:51)

2. "The difference that we have is that [Creative Commons licenses] enable creators to be where they want to be, as an enabler to allow that sharing to create perhaps other works, but also to be able to get your works out in a space and place where you have also power over how that is used and reused in the way that you want it to be. That didn't exist really 20 years ago in the way that we've enabled it to exist today..." (28:20)

3. "Our values drive that openness and that sharing because we see that value in why we want the world to have an improved commons of knowledge, culture, creativity because that then builds on other things and that creates and improves and keeps that cycle of creativity, of thinking, of thoughtfulness, of energy, of renewal, of new ideas and maybe the word innovation." (29:20)

License: CC BY 4.0

danah boyd: reknitting society

This post is a collection of quotes from danah boyd in an interview in 2021 with the Aspen Institute titled Disinfo Discussions: The Fundamentals with danah boyd. The video for this interview can be found at this link. I recommend listening to the interview. There are 3 quotes listed below chronologically.

1. "And that's where we have this challenge, which is that our actual social graph of the country is so fragmented that we also label things as misinformation whenever it comes from people... who are not part of our immediate 2 degree out network. And that's where there's another question to the fix: Can we reknit that graph of this country?" (26:54)

2. "How do we think about the knitting because I think that that in many ways is going to be a much more effective systemic intervention to this downstream thing we call disinformation than even all of the things that focus on, say the platforms or higher level laws." (28:01)

3. "The answer is not education. The answer is filling in those human needs, those human connections." (35:27)

Ethan Zuckerman: institutional trust

This post is a collection of quotes from Ethan Zuckerman in an interview in 2021 with the Aspen Institute titled Disinfo Discussions: Decline in Trust with Ethan Zuckerman. The video for this interview can be found at this link. I recommend listening to the interview. There are 2 quotes listed below chronologically.

1. "The more participatory an institution is, the higher a chance it has at being trusted. The more an institution opens itself up to you being a functioning member, and particularly a governing member, the better a chance it has of being trusted." (40:14)

2. "So my one easy trick, for fixing trust is, take your institution and figure out how to restructure it so that the people that its serving can see its insides, can take part in its working, and preferably could even take a leadership role in it. Now, the hard part is actually figuring out how you do that within most institutions, but that is the answer to the question." (43:49)

Elisabeth Morel: OER accessibility

This post is a collection of quotes from Elisabeth Morel in a presentation for the ACRL CJCLS OER Committee titled OER: What's next? Accessibility in 2021. The video for this presentation can be found at this link. I recommend listening to the presentation. There are 2 quotes listed below chronologically.

1. "...throughout this presentation we'll be talking about 'accessibility', which we're thinking refers to making content accessible to individuals with disabilities. We know that about 20% of our population has some type of disability but we know that OER [open educational resources] impacts far more than just those with disabilities and so its about providing better access for all of our students..." (1:16)

2. "So when we talk about something being accessible in the disability world, we're looking to make sure individuals with disabilities are able to independently acquire the same information or engage in the same interactions, or enjoy the same services that their peers without disabilities enjoy... We don't want to make it more challenging for individuals with disabilities to get the same information." (1:51)

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