Collection of facts about the 1911 Revolution

This post is a collection of quotes about the 1911 Revolution in China. There are 11 quotes listed below.

• Lead to the end of Chinese monarchy and Qing dynasty
• Casualties: Monarchists 170,000; Revolutionaries 50,000 
• Wuchang Uprising (Oct 1911)
• Qing dynasty appoint Yuan Shikai (Beiyang Army) as prime minister (Nov 1911)
• Republic of China established (Jan 1912)
• Xuantong Emperor abdicates (Feb 1912)
• Yuan Shikai becomes president (Mar 1912)
• Yuan Shikai restores monarchy (Dec 1915)
• Yuan Shikai abdicates and Republic of China is reinstated (Mar 1916)
• Yuan Shikai dies in 1916 and followed by Warlord Era (1916-1928)
• Manchu Restoration: Chinese monarchy attempt restoration (July 1917)

Sources

Wikipedia: 1911 Revolution, Warlord Era, Manchu Restoration

Collection of facts about the First Sino-Japanese War

This post is a collection of facts about the First Sino-Japanese War (1894-1895). There are 14 facts listed below.

• Qing dynasty vs. Empire of Japan
• Fought over influence of Korea
• Before war, Korea is a tributary state of China
• Qing dynasty helps suppress Donghak Peasant Revolution in Korea (1894-1895)
• Japan sends troops to Korea and sets up a pro-Japanese government (July 1894)
• Battle of Pungdo (July 1894)
• Battle of Pyongyang (Sept 1894)
• Battle of the Yalu River (Sept 1894)
• Japan invades Manchuria (Oct 1894)
• Battle of Lüshunkou (Nov 1894)
• Battle of Weihaiwei (Jan - Feb 1895)
• Treaty of Shimonoseki ended the war (Apr 1895)
• China forced to pay Japan, cede Taiwan and end Korean tributary state
• Japan gains influence over Korea

Sources

Wikipedia: First Sino-Japanese War, Donghak Peasant Revolution, Battle of Lüshunkou, Battle of Weihaiwei

Collection of facts about the Chinese Civil War

This post is a collection of facts about the Chinese Civil War (1927-1936 and 1945-1949). There are 21 facts listed below.

• Republic of China (Kuomintang) vs. Chinese Communist Party (CCP)
• Chiang Kai-shek leadsKuomintang
• Mao Zedong leads CCP
• Northern Expedition: Kuomintang vs. Beiyang government (1926-1928)
• Shanghai massacre: Kuomintang purges communists (1927)
• Nanchang Uprising by CCP (1927)
• Guangzhou Uprising by CCP (1927)
• Central Plains War internal conflict in Kuomintang (1929-1930)
• Long March retreat by CCP is 12,500 km (1934-1935)
• Xi'an Incident: CCP kidnap Chiang Kai-shek to demand cease fire (1936)
• Kuomintang and CCP temporary ally to fight Japan
• Japan invades China during Second Sino-Japanese War (1937-1945)
• Russia temporarily occupies Manchuria (1945)
• Operation Beleaguer: U.S. provides aid to Kuomintang and guards Hebei, Shandong (1945-1949)
• Liaoshen campaign (1948)
• Huaihai campaign (1948-1949)
• Pingjin campaign (1948-1949)
• Republic of China retreats to Taiwan (1949)
• People's Republic of China proclaimed (1949)
• Casualties: 7 million (first phase), 2.5 - 6 million (second phase)

Sources

Wikipedia: Chinese Civil War, Northern Expedition, Central Plains War, Long March, Operation Beleaguer

Collection of members in the Bloomsbury Group

This post is a collection of members in the Bloomsbury Group (early 20th century). There are 10 'core members' listed below alphabetically by last name. Source: Wikipedia

• Clive Bell
• Vanessa Bell
• E. M. Forster
• Roger Fry
• Duncan Grant
• John Maynard Keynes
• Desmond MacCarthy
• Lytton Strachey
• Leonard Woolf
• Virginia Woolf

Collection of members in the Vienna Circle

This post is a collection of members in the Vienna Circle (1924-1936). There are 18 members listed below alphabetically by last name. This list includes only 'inner circle' members who had regular attendance. Source: Wikipedia

• Gustav Bergmann
• Rudolf Carnap
• Herbert Feigl
• Philipp Frank
• Kurt Gödel
• Hans Hahn
• Olga Hahn-Neurath
• Béla Juhos
• Felix Kaufmann
• Victor Kraft
• Karl Menger
• Richard von Mises
• Otto Neurath
• Rose Rand
• Josef Schächter
• Moritz Schlick
• Friedrich Waismann
• Edgar Zilsel

List of states during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period

This post is a list of states during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period (907 - 979 AD) in China. Source: Wikipedia

    Dynasties

• Later Han
• Later Jin
• Later Liang
• Later Tang
• Later Zhou

    Kingdoms

• Jingnan
• Northern Han
• Southern Han
• Ma Chu
• Min
• Former Shu
• Later Shu
• Southern Tang
• Wuyue
• Yang Wu

List of painting level 5 vital articles on Wikipedia

This post is a list of painting level 5 vital articles on Wikipedia as of April 2025. There are 152 articles listed below alphabetically and by time period. Source: Wikipedia

    Prehistoric (5)

• Bhimbetka rock shelters
• Cave of Altamira
• Chauvet Cave
• Cave of El Castillo
• Lascaux

    Pre-modern (53)

• A Harlot's Progress - series (William Hogarth)
• Along the River During the Qingming Festival (Zhang Zeduan)
• The Ambassadors (Hans Holbein)
• The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp (Rembrandt)
• Arnolfini Portrait (Jan van Eyck)
• The Art of Painting (Johannes Vermeer)
• Athenaeum Portrait (Gilbert Stuart)
• Bacchus and Ariadne (Titian)
• The Beheading of Saint John the Baptist (Caravaggio)
• The Birth of Venus (Sandro Botticelli)
• The Blue Boy (Thomas Gainsborough)
• The Burial of the Count of Orgaz (El Greco)
• The Calling of Saint Matthew (Caravaggio)
• The Death of Marat (Jacques-Louis David)
• The Death of Socrates (Jacques-Louis David)
• The Elevation of the Cross (Peter Paul Rubens)
• The Feast of the Gods (Giovanni Bellini and Titian)
• The Four Seasons (Nicolas Poussin)
• The Garden of Earthly Delights (Hieronymus Bosch)
• Ghent Altarpiece (Hieronymus Bosch)
• Girl with a Pearl Earring (Johannes Vermeer)
• The Hunters in the Snow (Pieter Bruegel the Elder)
• Judith Slaying Holofernes (Artemisia Gentileschi)
• Lady with an Ermine (Leonardo da Vinci)
• The Last Supper (Leonardo da Vinci)
• La maja desnuda (Francisco Goya)
• Las Meninas (Diego Velázquez)
• Mona Lisa (Leonardo da Vinci)
• Mr and Mrs Andrews (Thomas Gainsborough)
• The Musicians (Caravaggio)
• Napoleon Crossing the Alps (Jacques-Louis David)
• Navicella (Giotto di Bondone)
• The Night Watch (Rembrandt)
• Portrait of Juan de Pareja (Diego Velázquez)
• Primavera (Sando Botticelli)
• The Return of the Prodigal Son (Rembrandt)
• Salvator Mundi (Leonardo da Vinci)
• The School of Athens (Raphael)
• Self-Portrait as the Allegory of Painting (Artemisia Gentileschi)
• Self-portraits by Rembrandt (Rembrandt)
• Sistine Chapel
• The Creation of Adam (Michelangelo)
• The Last Judgement (Michelangelo)
• Sistine Chapel ceiling (Michelangelo)
• The Storm on the Sea of Galilee (Rembrandt)
• The Swing (Jean-Honoré Fragonard)
• The Third of May 1808 (Francisco Goya)
• The Tower of Babel (Pieter Bruegel the Elder)
• The Tribute Money (Masaccio)
• Triptych of the Temptation of St. Anthony (Hieronymus Bosch)
• Venus of Urbino (Titian)
• View of Toledo (El Greco)
• Virgin of the Rocks (Leonardo da Vinci)

    Modern (86)

• A Bar at the Folies-Bergère (Édouard Manet)
• A Cotton Office in New Orleans (Edgar Degas)
• American Gothic (Grant Wood)
• Bal du moulin de la Galette (Pierre-Auguste Renoir)
• Barge Haulers on the Volga (Ilya Repin)
• The Barque of Dante (Eugène Delacroix)
• Bathers at Asnières (Georges-Pierre Seurat)
• The Birth of Venus (William-Adolphe Bouguereau)
• Black Iris (Georgia O'Keeffe)
• Black Paintings - series (Francisco Goya)
• Saturn Devouring His Son (Francisco Goya)
• Black Square (Kazimir Malevich)
• Blue Horses (Franz Marc)
• Café Terrace at Night (Vincent van Gogh)
• The Card Players (Paul Cézanne)
• Christina's World (Andrew Wyeth)
• Composition with Red, Blue and Yellow (Piet Mondrian)
• Dance (Henri Matisse)
• Le Déjeuner sur l'herbe (Édouard Manet)
• Les Demoiselles d'Avignon (Pablo Picasso)
• Detroit Industry Murals (Diego Rivera)
• Dogs Playing Poker (Cassius Marcellus Coolidge)
• The Elephant Celebes (Max Ernst)
• The Farm (Joan Miró)
• The Fighting Temeraire (J. M. W. Turner)
• Gassed (John Singer Sargent)
• Girl with Peaches (Valentin Serov)
• The Gleaners (Jean-François Millet)
• Grande Odalisque (Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres)
• The Gross Clinic (Thomas Eakins)
• Guernica (Pablo Picasso)
• The Hay Wain (John Constable)
• Impression, Sunrise (Claude Monet)
• Interchange (Willem de Kooning)
• Ivan the Terrible and His Son Ivan (Ilya Repin)
• Jimson Weed (Georgia O'Keeffe)
• The Kiss (Francesco Hayez)
• The Kiss (Gustav Klimt)
• Le Sommeil (Gustave Courbet)
• Liberty Leading the People (Eugène Delacroix)
• The Love Embrace of the Universe, the Earth (Mexico), Myself, Diego and Señor Xolotl (Frida Kahlo)
• Luncheon of the Boating Party (Pierre-Auguste Renoir)
• Luxembourg Gardens, Paris (Albert Edelfelt)
• Man at the Crossroads (Diego Rivera)
• The Massacre at Chios (Eugène Delacroix)
• Nighthawks (Edward Hopper)
• The Ninth Wave (Ivan Aivazovsky)
• Nocturne in Black and Gold - The Falling Rocket (James McNeill Whistler)
• Nu couché (Amedeo Modigliani)
• Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2 (Marcel Duchamp)
• Olympia (Édouard Manet)
• Ophelia (John Everett Millais)
• L'Origine du monde (Gustave Courbet)
• Parade de cirque (Georges Seurat)
• Paris Street; Rainy Day (Gustave Caillebotte)
• The Persistence of Memory (Salvador Dalí)
• Pollice Verso (Jean-Léon Gérôme)
• The Potato Eaters (Vincent van Gogh)
• Portrait of Adele Bloch-Bauer I (Gustav Klimt)
• Portrait of Dr. Gachet (Vincent van Gogh)
• Portrait of Madame X (John Singer Sargent)
• The Raft of the Medusa (Théodore Géricault)
• Rideau, Cruchon et Compotier (Paul Cézanne)
• The Scream (Edvard Munch)
• Self-Portrait with Thorn Necklace and Hummingbird (Frida Kahlo)
• The Slave Ship (J. W. M. Turner)
• The Sleeping Gypsy (Henri Rousseau)
• Snow Storm: Steam-Boat off a Harbour's Mouth (J. W. M. Turner)
• Spirit of the Dead Watching (Paul Gauguin)
• The Starry Night (Vincent van Gogh)
• A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte (Georges Seurat)
• Sunflowers - series (Vincent van Gogh)
• Symphony in White, No. 1: The White Girl (James McNeill Whistler)
• Tiger in a Tropical Storm (Henri Rousseau)
• The Treachery of Images (René Magritte)
• The Turkish Bath (Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres)
• Twittering Machine (Paul Klee)
• Wanderer above the Sea of Fog (Caspar David Friedrich)
• Washington Crossing the Delaware (Emanuel Leutze)
• Water Lilies (Claude Monet)
• The Weeping Woman (Pablo Picasso)
• Wheat Fields - series (Vincent van Gogh)
• When Will You Marry? (Paul Gauguin)
• Where Do We Come From? What Are We? Where Are We Going? (Paul Gauguin)
• Whistler's Mother (James McNeill Whistler)
• The Wounded Deer (Frida Kahlo)

    Contemporary (8)

• Campbell's Soup Cans - series (Andy Warhol)
• Downing Girl (Roy Lichtenstein)
• Marilyn Diptych (Andy Warhol)
• No. 5, 1948 (Jackson Pollock)
• Portrait of an Artist (Pool with Two Figures) (David Hockney)
• The Problem We All Live With (Norman Rockwell)
• The Son of Man (René Magritte)
• Whaam! (Roy Lichtenstein)

List of photograph level 5 vital articles on Wikipedia

This post is a list of photograph level 5 vital articles on Wikipedia as of April 2025. There are 32 articles listed below alphabetically. Source: Wikipedia

• Afghan Girl
• Auschwitz Album
• The Ballad of Sexual Dependency
• Bliss
• Bloody Saturday
• Burst of Joy
• Earthrise
• The Falling Man
• The Falling Soldier
• Guerrillero Heroico
• The Horse in Motion
• Into the Jaws of Death
• Ivanhorod Einsatzgruppen
• Kim II Sung and Kim Jong II
• Kombat
• Kozarčanka
• Lunch atop a Skyscraper
• Moonrise, Hernandez, New Mexico
• Nautilus
• Pillars of Creation
• Piss Christ
• Pale Blue Dot
• Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima
• Raising the Flag over the Reichstag
• Rhein II
• The Steerage
• The Blue Marble
• View from the Window at Le Gras
• V-J Day in Times Square
• The Vulture and the Little Girl
• Wait for Me, Daddy
• Warsaw Ghetto boy

List of paintings and drawings stolen in the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum theft

This post is a list of paintings and drawings stolen in the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum theft. The theft occurred in 1990 and the works have not been recovered as of 2025. In total 13 works were stolen, including 1 ancient instrument and 1 sculpture. There are 11 paintings / drawings listed below alphabetically. Source: Wikipedia

Chez Tortoni (1875) - Édouard Manet

The Concert (1664) - Johannes Vermeer

Cortege aux Environs de Florence (undated) - Edgar Degas

A Lady and Gentleman in Black (1633) - Rembrandt van Rijn

La Sortie de Pesage (undated) - Edgar Degas

Landscape with Obelisk (1638) - Govert Flinck

Program for an artistic soiree 1 (1884) - Edgar Degas

Program for an artistic soiree 2 (1884) - Edgar Degas

Self-Portrait (c. 1634) - Rembrandt van Rijn

The Storm on the Sea of Galilee (1633) - Rembrandt van Rijn

Three Mounted Jockeys (undated) - Edgar Degas

Top 20 deadliest famines

This post is a list of the top 15 deadliest famines. Source: Wikipedia

1. Great Chinese Famine: 15 - 55 million (1959-1961)
2. Chinese famine of 1906-1907: 20 - 25 million
3. Chalisa famine: 11 million (1783-1784)
4. Doji bara famine: 11 million (1789-1793)
5. Great Bengal Famine of 1770: 10 million
6. Northern Chinese famine of 1876-1879: 9 - 13 million
7. Great Famine of 1315-1317: 7.5 million
8. Deccan famine of 1630-1632: 7.4 million
9. Chinese famine of 1333-1337: 6 million
10. Great Indian Famine of 1876-1878: 5.5 million
11. Soviet famine of 1932-1933: 5 - 7 million
12. Russian famine of 1921-1922: 5 million
13. Chinese famine of 1928-1930: 3 - 10 million
14. Second Congo War: 2.7 million (1998-2004)
15. Java under Japanese occupation: 2.4 million (1944-1945)

Top 10 deadliest natural disasters (non-epidemic, non-famine)

This post is a list of the top 10 deadliest natural disasters by highest estimate (non-epidemic and non-famine). Source: Wikipedia

1. 1931 China floods: 4.0 million
2. 1887 Yellow River flood: 2.0 million
3. 1976 Tangshan earthquake: 650 thousand
4. 1970 Bhola cyclone: 500 thousand
5. 2010 Haiti earthquake: 310 thousand
6. 526 Antioch earthquake: 300 thousand
7. 1839 Coringa cyclone: 300 thousand
8. 1737 Calcutta cyclone: 300 thousand
9. 1920 Haiyuan earthquake: 273 thousand
10. 1139 Ganja earthquake: 230 thousand

Top 20 deadliest genocides

This post is a list of the top 20 deadliest genocides. Source: Wikipedia

1. The Holocaust: 5.1 - 7.0 million (1941-1945)
2. Holodomor: 3.0 - 5.0 million (1932-1933)
3. Cambodian genocide: 1.3 - 3.0 million (1975-1979)
4. Bangladesh genocide: 0.3 - 3.0 million (1971)
5. Circassian genocide: 1.0 - 2.0 million (1864-1867)
6. Armenian genocide: 0.6 - 1.5 million (1915-1917)
7. Siege of Leningrad: 1.0 million (1941-1944)
8. Albigensian Crusade: 0.2 - 1.0 million  (1209-1229)
9. Taíno genocide: 60 - 960 thousand (1492-1514)
10. Greek genocide / Pontic genocide: 300 - 900 thousand (1914-1922)
11. Rwandan genocide: 490 - 800 thousand (1994)
12. Sayfo: 200 - 750 thousand (1915-1919)
13. Genocide in Tigray: 160 - 600 thousand (2020-2022)
14. Dzungar genocide: 480 - 600 thousand (1755-1758)
15. Darfur genocide: 90 - 500 thousand (2003-2005)
16. Deportation of the Chechens and Ingush: 100 - 400 thousand (1944-1948)
17. Genocide of Acholi and Lango people: 100 - 300 thousand (1972-1978)
18. Ikiza: 80 - 300 thousand (1972)
19. Hamidian massacres: 200 - 300 thousand (1894-1896)
20. Massacres of Albanians in the Balkan Wars: 120 - 270 thousand (1912-1913)

Top 20 wars by death toll

This post is a list of the top 20 wars by death toll. Source: Wikipedia

1. World War II: 70 - 85 million (1939-1945)
2. Mongol invasions and conquests: 20 - 60 million (1206-1368)
3. Three Kingdoms: 34 million (220 - 280 AD)
4. Taiping Rebellion: 20 - 30 million (1850-1864)
5. Manchu Conquest of China: 25 million (1618-1638)
6. World War I: 15 - 22 million (1914-1918)
7. Conquests of Timur: 7 - 20 million (1369-1405)
8. An Lushan Rebellion: 13 million (754 - 763 AD)
9. Spanish conquest of Mexico: 10 million (1519-1530)
10. Russian Civil War: 7- 10 million (1917-1922)
11. Chinese Civil War: 4 - 9 million (1927-1949)
12. Crusades: 1 - 9 million (1095-1291)
13. Thirty Years' War: 4 - 8 million (1618-1648)
14. Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire: 7 million (1533-1572)
15. Reconquista: 7 million (718 - 1492 AD)
16. French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars: 4 - 7 million (1792-1815)
17. Conquests of Menelik II: 6 million (1878-1904)
18. Second Congo War: 3 - 5 million (1998-2003)
19. Spanish conquest of New Granada: 5 million (1525-1540)
20. Deccan wars: 4 - 5 million (1680-1707)