- Qing dynasty vs. United Kingdom, France, United States, Russia
- Fought over opium trade
- Arrow cargo ship seized by China: Oct 8th, 1856
- First Battle of Canton: Oct - Nov 1856
- Battle of the Barrier Forts: Nov 1856
- Second Battle of Canton: Dec 1857
- Treaties of Tientsin: June 1858
- First Battle of Taku Forts: May 1858
- Treaty of Aigun: May 1858
- Second Battle of Taku Forts: June 1859
- Third Battle of Taku Forts: Aug 1860
- Battle of Zhangjiawan: Sept 1860
- Battle of Palikao: Sept 1860
- Convention of Peking ends war: Oct 24th, 1860
- Opium trade continues and China cedes Hong Kong
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