Collection of basic CPU parts

This post is a collection of basic CPU (central processing unit) parts. There are 6 parts listed below alphabetically. License: CC BY-SA 3.0

Address generation unit

"The address generation unit... calculates address used by the CPU to access main memory." (Wikipedia: Address generation unit, 8.18.21 UTC 11:40)

Arithmetic logic unit (ALU)

"...an arithmetic logic unit is a combinational digit circuit that performs arithmetic and bitwise operations on integer binary numbers... The inputs to an ALU are the data to be operated on, called operands, and a code indicating the operation to be performed..." (Wikipedia: Arithmetic logic unit, 3.30.23 UTC 07:52)

Cache

"A cache is a smaller, faster memory, located closer to a processor core, which stores copies of the data from frequently used main memory locations." (Wikipedia CPU cache, 4.14.23 UTC 06:31)

Clock

"Most CPUs are synchronous circuits, which means they employ a clock signal to pace their sequential operations. The clock signal is produced by an external oscillator circuit that generates a consistent number of pulses each second in the form of a periodic square wave." (Wikipedia: Central processing unit, 4.17.23 UTC 16:31)

Control unit

"Most computer resources are managed by the [control unit]. It directs the flow of data between the CPU and the other devices." (Wikipedia: Control unit, 4.5.23 UTC 19:41)

Memory management unit (MMU)

"An MMU effectively performs virtual memory management, handling at the same time memory protection, cache control, bus arbitration, and in simpler computer architectures... bank switching."(Wikipedia: Memory management unit, 2.25.23 UTC 14:43)

Collection of basic computer parts

This post is a collection of basic computer parts. There are 12 parts listed below alphabetically. License: CC BY-SA 3.0

Bus

"...a bus is a communication system that transfers data between components inside a computer, or between computers." (Wikipedia: Bus (computing), 2.17.23 UTC 05:07)

Chipset

"In computing, the term chipset commonly refers to a set of specialized chips on a  computer's motherboard or an expansion card." (Wikipedia: Chipset, 3.28.23 UTC 00:54)

Central processing unit (CPU)

"Principles components of a CPU include the arithmetic-logic unit (ALU) that performs arithmetic and logic operations, processor registers that supply operands to the ALU and store the results of ALU operations, and a control unit that orchestrates the fetching (from memory), decoding and execution (of instructions)..." (Wikipedia: Central processing unit, 4.17.23 UTC 16:31)

Graphics processing unit (GPU)

"Modern GPUs are efficient at manipulating computer graphics and image processing. Their parallel structure makes them more efficient than general-purpose central processing units (CPUs) for algorithms that process large blocks of data in parallel." (Wikipedia: Graphics processing unit, 4.16.23 UTC 18:03)

Hard disk drive

"A hard disk drive... is a electro-mechanical data storage device that stores and retrieves digital data using magnetic storage with one or more rigid rapidly rotating platters coated with magnetic material." (Wikipedia: Hard disk drive, 3.27.23 UCT 03:34)

Keyboard

"In normal usage, the keyboard is used as a text entry interface for typing text, numbers, and symbols into application software such a word processor, web browser or social media app." (Wikipedia: Keyboard, 3.9.23 UTC 18:08)

Monitor

"A computer monitor is an output device that displays information in pictorial or textual form." (Wikipedia: Computer monitor, 4.5.23 UTC 10:05)

Motherboard

"[The motherboard] holds and allows communication between many of the crucial electronic components of a system, such as the central processing unit (CPU) and memory, and provides connectors for other peripherals." (Wikipedia: Motherboard, 4.15.23 UTC 06:04)

Mouse

"A mouse typically controls the motion of a pointer in two dimensions in a graphical user interface (GUI)." (Wikipedia: Computer mouse, 4.17.23 UTC 11:33)

Power supply unit

"The desktop computer power supply converts the alternating current (AC) from a wall socket of mains electricity to a low- voltage direct current (DC) to operate the motherboard, processor and peripheral devices." (Wikipedia: Power supply unit (computer), 2.19.23 UTC 02:56)

Random-access memory (RAM)

"In addition to serving as temporary storage and working space for the operating system and applications, RAM is used in numerous other ways... Most modern operating system employ a method of extending RAM capacity, know as 'virtual memory'." (Wikipedia: Random-access memory, 4.14.23 UTC 19:08)

Solid state drive (SSD)

"A solid-state drive is a... device that uses integrated circuit assemblies to store data persistently, typically using flash memory and functioning as secondary storage in the hierarchy of computer storage." (Wikipedia: Solid-state drive, 4.11.23 UTC 13:09)

List of basic logic gates: inputs and outputs

This post is a list of basic logic gates with inputs and outputs. 0 represents off; 1 represents on. There are 7 logic gates listed below alphabetically with electrical diagrams.

In the diagrams, '+5v' represents electricity; 'A' represents the first input 'B' represents the second input; a v-shaped intersection represents a transistor; a zig zag line represents a resistor; 3 horizontal parallels lines represent ground; a dot at an intersection represents a connection.

A transistor conducts electricity only if the input is turned on. If the electricity has a direct connection to ground then the circuit loses electricity. The resistor allows electricity to pass through it but breaks direct connection to ground.

AND

0, 0 = 0

0, 1 = 0

1, 0 = 0

1, 1 = 1

NAND (NOT AND)

0, 0 = 1

0, 1 = 1

1, 0 = 1

1, 1 = 0

NOR (NOT OR)

0, 0 = 1

0, 1 = 0

1, 0 = 0

1, 1 = 0

NOT

0 = 1

1 = 0

OR

0, 0 = 0

0, 1 = 1

1, 0 = 1

1, 1 = 1

XNOR (Exclusive NOT OR)

0, 0 = 1

0, 1 = 0

1, 0 = 0

1, 1 = 1

XOR (Exclusive OR)

0, 0 = 0

0, 1 = 1

1, 0 = 1

1, 1 = 0

License: CC BY-SA 4.0