Collection of facts about the Rashidun Caliphate

This post is a collection of facts about the Rashidun Caliphate (632 - 661 AD). There are 8 facts listed below. Source: Wikipedia

• Reign of the first caliphs after Muhammad's death
• Muhammad died in 632 AD
• Capital: Medina (modern-day Saudi Arabia) until 656 AD
• Caliphs: Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman and Ali
• Shia Muslims reject first three caliphs
• Conquered Arabian Peninsula, most of Byzantine Empire and Sasanian Empire
• First Fitna (civil war): 656 - 661 AD
• Succeeded by the Umayyad Caliphate