Alex Peek blog: June 2022

Tuesday, June 28, 2022

Basic timeline of printing

This post is a basic timeline of printing. There are 22 events listed below chronologically.

35,000: Hand stencils used on cave walls in Asia and Europe
3500 BC: Cylinder seals on clay documents in Sumer
1600 BC - 1046 BC (Shang dynasty): Seal printing used in China
3rd century BC: Seals used on pottery in China
220 AD: Woodblock printing on cloth used in China
7th century AD: Woodblock printing on paper used in China
~1040: Ceramic and wooden movable type invented by Bi Sheng
1346: Earliest color printing
1234: Metal moveable type used in Korea
~1439: Movable type printing press invented by Johannes Gutenberg
1796: Lithography invented by Aloys Senefelder
1843: Rotary drum printing invented by Richard March Hoe
1875: Rotary offset printing press is invented by Robert Barclay
1890: Flexography introduced
1907: Modern screenprinting process invented by Samuel Simon
1938: Xerography invented by Chester Carlson
1968: Dot matrix printing released by Epson in Japan
1969: Laser printer invented by Gary Starkweather at Xerox
1971: 3D printer created by Johannes F. Gottwald
1984: Hot-melt inkjet printer introduced
1993: Digital printing is introduced
1998: Frescography invented by Rainer Maria Latzke

Source

Wikipedia: History of printing, 3D printing, Flexography, Offset printing, Movable type, Shang dynasty

Basic timeline of paper

This post is a basic timeline of paper. There are 10 events listed below. Source: Wikipedia

4th century BC: Papyrus used in Egypt
202 BC - 220 AD: Paper used in China
50 AD - 121 AD: Cai Lun improves method for papermaking in China
960 AD - 1279 AD: Song Dynasty introduces paper money in China
5th century AD: Amate used in Mesoamerica
7th century AD: Paper used in India
8th century AD: Paper used in the Islamic world
11th century: Paper used in Europe
13th century: Waterwheel mills used to make paper in Spain
19th century: Wood-based paper used in Europe

Basic timeline of the Seattle Mariners

This post is a basic timeline of the Seattle Mariners. There are 40 events listed below chronologically.

1977: First season
1979: Host All-Star Game
1984: Alvin Davis receives AL Rookie of the Year
1987: Ken Griffey Jr. is drafted first overall in the MLB draft
1989: Ken Griffey Jr. rookie season
1989: Randy Johnson joins the Mariners
1990: Randy Johnson throws no-hitter
1991: First winning season (83-79)
1992: Nintendo chairman Hiroshi Yamauchi becomes majority owner
1993: Lou Piniella becomes manager
1993: Chris Bosio throws no-hitter
1995: First playoff appearance and division title
1995: Edgar Martinez hits game-winning double to win ALDS against the New York Yankees (lose to Cleveland Indians in ALCS)
1996: Alex Rodriguez rookie season
1997: Second playoff appearance and division title (lose to Baltimore Orioles in ALDS)
1998: Randy Johnson is traded to the Houston Astros
1999: Kingdome is demolished
1999: Safeco Field (T-Mobile Park) opens
2000: Ken Griffey Jr. leaves the Mariners and signs with the Cincinnati Reds
2000: Kazuhiro Sasaki receives AL Rookie of the Year
2000: Third playoff appearance and wild card (lose to New York Yankees in ALCS)
2001: Alex Rodriguez leaves the Mariners and signs with the Texas Rangers
2001: Host All-Star Game
2001: Tie single season record for wins in a season (116-46 record)
2001: Fourth playoff appearance and division title
2001: Ichiro Suzuki receives AL Rookie of the Year and AL MVP
2003: Lou Piniella leaves the Mariners and signs with the Tampa Bay Devil Rays
2004: Ichiro Suzuki breaks the single season hit record (257 hits)
2005: Felix Hernandez rookie season
2009: Ken Griffey Jr. returns to the Mariners
2010: Ken Griffey Jr. retires
2010: Felix Hernandez receives AL Cy Young Award
2012: Ichiro Suzuki is traded to the New York Yankees
2012: 6 player combined no-hitter (Kevin Millwood, Charlie Furbush, Stephen Pryor, Lucas Luetge, Brandon League, Tom Wilhelmsen)
2012: Felix Hernandez throws perfect game
2015: Hisashi Iwakuma throws no-hitter
2018: James Paxton throws no-hitter
2019: Ichiro Suzuki returns to the Mariners
2019: Ichiro Suzuki retires
2021: Kyle Lewis receives AL Rookie of the Year

Sources

Wikipedia: History of the Seattle Mariners, Seattle Mariners, Ichiro Suzuki, Randy Johnson

Monday, June 27, 2022

Basic timeline of the Big Bang theory

This post is a basic timeline of the Big Bang theory. There are 9 events listed below chronologically. Source: Wikipedia

1225: Robert Grosseteste proposes that the birth of the universe was an explosion
1922: Alexander Friedmann proposes the Friedmann equations
1924: Georges Lemaître proposes expanding model of the universe
1929: Edwin Hubble observes that the universe is expanding
1931: Georges Lemaître proposes 'primeval atom' of the universe
1949: Fred Hoyle coins the term 'Big Bang'
1964: Arno Penzias and Robert Woodrow Wilson discover the cosmic microwave background
1990: COBE satellite observations support the Big Bang theory
2001-2010: WMAP spacecraft photographs the cosmic microwave background

Basic timeline of dark energy

This post is a basic timeline of dark energy. There are 7 events listed below chronologically.

1915: Albert Einstein considers the possibility of a cosmological constant in the field equations of general relativity
1922: Alexander Friedmann proposes the Friedmann equations
1929: Edwin Hubble observes that the universe is expanding
1964: Arno Penzias and Robert Woodrow Wilson discover the cosmic microwave background
1980: Alan Guth and Alexei Starobinsky propose a negative pressure field for cosmic inflation
1988: Michael Turner coins the term 'dark energy'
1998: Saul Perlmutter, Brian Schmidt and Adam Riess lead the High-Z Supernova Search Team and observe that the universe is expanding

Sources

Wikipedia: Dark energy, Friedman equations, Cosmic microwave background

Basic timeline of dark matter

This post is a basic timeline of dark matter. There are 6 events listed below chronologically. Source: Wikipedia

1884: William Thomson proposes dark bodies in the Milky Way Galaxy
1906: Henri Poincaré uses the term 'matière obscure' ('dark matter') to describe Thomson's observations
1922: Jacobus Kapteyn proposes dark matter based on stellar velocities
1933: Fritz Zwicky proposes 'dunkle materie' ('dark matter') by applying the the virial theorem to a galaxy cluster
1939: Horace W. Babcock reports unexpectedly fast outer stars in the Andromeda Galaxy
1960s-1970s: Vera Rubin, Kent Ford and Ken Freeman use a spectrograph to measure unexpectedly fast outer stars in spiral galaxies

Sunday, June 26, 2022

Basic timeline of Stephen Hawking

This post is a basic timeline of physicist Stephen Hawking (1942-2018). There are 17 events listed below chronologically. Source: Wikipedia

1942: Born in Oxford, England
1959: Enrolls at University College, Oxford
1962: Enrolls at Trinity Hall, Cambridge
1966: Writes thesis Properties of Expanding Universes
1966: Becomes research fellow at Gonville and Caius College
1970: Proposes second law of black hole thermodynamics
1973: Publishes The Large Scale Structure of Space-Time with Ellis
1974: Proposes Hawking radiation
1974: Becomes visiting professor at Caltech
1975: Becomes reader at the University of Cambridge
1979: Becomes Lucasian Professor at the University of Cambridge
1981: Proposes black hole information paradox
1983: Proposes the Hartle-Hawking state with Hartle
1988: Publishes A Brief History of Time
1993: Publishes Black Holes and Baby Universes and Other Essays
2001: Publishes The Universe in a Nutshell
2018: Died at age 76 in Cambridge, England

Basic timeline of Richard Feynman

This post is a basic timeline of physicist Richard Feynman (1918-1988). There are 15 events listed below chronologically.

1918: Born in New York City
1939: Receives BA in physics from MIT
1941: Begins working on ballistics for the Frankford Arsenal in Pennsylvania
1942: Begins working for the Manhattan Project
1942: Writes thesis titled The Principle of Least Action in Quantum Mechanics
1942: Receives PhD from Princeton University
1944: Begins teaching at Cornell University
1948: Delivers presentation titled Alternative Formulation of Quantum Electrodynamics that includes Feynman diagrams
1949: Writes The Theory of Positrons which proposes the Feynman propagator
1950: Begins teaching at Caltech
1958: Publishes QED: The Strange Theory of Light and Matter
1964: Publishes The Feynman Lectures on Physics
1965: Receives Nobel Prize in Physics
1985: Publishes Surely You're Joking, Mr. Feynman!
1988: Died at age 69 in Los Angeles, California

Sources

Wikipedia: Richard Feynman, Caltech.edu

Basic timeline of Max Planck

This post is a basic timeline of physicist Max Planck (1858-1947). There are 13 events listed below chronologically. Source: Wikipedia

1858: Born at Kiel, Holy Roman Empire (Germany)
1877: Enrolls at Friedrich Wilhelms University in Berlin
1879: Writes dissertation On the second law of thermodynamics
1880: Writes thesis Equilibrium states of isotropic bodies at different temperatures
1885: Becomes professor at the University of Kiel
1889: Begins teaching at Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität in Berlin
1897: Publishes Treatise on Thermodynamics
1899: Proposes Planck's law to address the black-body radiation problem
1900: Proposes the Planck postulate for quantitation of energy
1905-1909: Serves as president of the German Physical Society
1918: Receives Nobel Prize in Physics
1926: Retires from Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität in Berlin
1947: Died at age 89 in Göttingen, Germany

Basic timeline of Murray Gell-Mann

This post is a basic timeline of physicist Murray Gell-Mann (1929-2019). There are 13 events listed below chronologically. Source: Wikipedia

1929: Born in Manhattan, New York
~1943: Enrolls at Yale College
1951: Receives PhD in physics from MIT
1951: Becomes fellow at the Institute for Advanced Study
1955: Begins teaching at the California Institute of Technology
1958: Discovers chiral properties of the weak interaction and proposes V-A theory with Feynman, Sudarshan and Marshak
1961: Proposes classification system for hadrons
1964: Proposes quarks (independently of Zweig)
1969: Receives Nobel Prize in Physics
1972: Proposes color charge with Fritzsch
1993: Retires from the California Institute of Technology
1994: Publishes The Quark and the Jaguar
2019: Died at age 89 in Santa Fe, New Mexico

Basic timeline of Kurt Gödel

This post is a basic timeline of logician Kurt Gödel (1906-1978). There are 10 events listed below chronologically. Source: Wikipedia

1906: Born in Brünn, Austria-Hungary
~1924: Enrolls at the University of Vienna
1929: Completes dissertation on completeness theorem
1930: Delivers incompleteness theorems at the Second Conference on the Epistemology of the Exact Sciences
1932: Proposes basis for Gödel fuzzy logic
1934: Delivers lecture series titled On undecidable propositions of formal mathematical systems
1940: Moves to Princeton, New Jersey
1940: Becomes member of the Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton University
1949: Proposes solutions to Einstein's field equations
1978: Died at age 71 in Princeton, New Jersey

Basic timeline of Michelangelo

This post is a basic timeline of artist Michelangelo (1475-1564). There are 15 events listed below chronologically. Source: Wikipedia

1475: Born in Caprese, Republic of Florence (Italy)
~1475: Moves to Florence with family
1488: Becomes apprentice to Ghirlandaio
1490-1492: Attends the Platonic Academy
1496: Moves to Rome
1498-1499: Creates Pietà sculpture
1499: Moves back to Florence
1501-1504: Creates David sculpture
1505: Moves to Rome to build the Tomb of Pope Julius II
1508-1512: Paints Sistine Chapel ceiling
1513-1515: Creates Moses sculpture
1520: Moves to Florence to construct Medici funerary chapel
1536-1541: Paints The Last Judgment fresco
1546: Becomes architect of St. Peter's Basilica in Rome
1564: Died at age 88 in Rome

Basic timeline of Thomas Aquinas

This post is a basic timeline of philosopher and theologian Thomas Aquinas (1225-1274). There are 16 events listed below chronologically. Source: Wikipedia

1225: Born at Roccasecca, Kingdom of Sicily (Italy)
~1244: Attempts to joins the Dominican Order
~1244: Family prevents Thomas from joining Dominican Order and is imprisoned
1244: Escapes from imprisonment then goes to Naples and Rome
1245: Enrolls at the University of Paris
1248: Appointed magister studentium by Albertus Magnus and travels to Cologne
1252: Returns to Paris to study theology
1256: Becomes regent master in theology
1256-1259: Writes Disputed Questions on Truth
1259: Becomes general preacher in Naples
1259-1265: Writes Summa contra Gentiles
1261: Becomes conventual lector in Orvieto
1265: Appointed papal theologian by Pope Clement IV
1265-1274: Writes Summa Theologica
1268-1272: Serves as regent master at the University of Paris
1274: Died at age 49 in Fossanova, Papal States (Italy)

Basic timeline of Nikola Tesla

This post is a basic timeline of physicist and engineer Nikola Tesla (1856-1943). There are 26 events listed below chronologically.

1856: Born in Smiljan, Austrian Empire (Croatia)
1875: Enrolls at the Imperial-Royal Technical College of Graz
1881: Moves to Budapest, Hungary and works at a telegraph company
1882: Moves to Paris, France and works for Continental Edison Company
1884: Emigrated to the United States
1884: Begins working for Edison Machine Works in Manhattan, New York
1885: Establishes Tesla Electric Light & Manufacturing
1887: Establishes Tesla Electric Company
1888: Receives patent for an AC induction motor
1888: Licenses AC induction motor patent to Westinghouse Electric
1889: Learns about Heinrich Hertz's electromagnetic radiation experiments
1890: Cash shortage at Westinghouse Electric causes loss of royalty payments
1891: Receives patent for Tesla coil
1893: World's Columbian Exposition uses AC power for electricity
1893: Receives patent for Tesla's oscillator
1893: Consults on construction of Niagara Falls
1895: Establishes Nikola Tesla Company
1895: Lab fire destroys Telsa's work
1898: Demonstrates remote controlled boat
1899: Establishes laboratory at Colorado Springs
1901: Receives funding from J. P. Morgan to build Wardenclyffe Tower in Shoreham, New York
1905: Wardenclyffe Tower project is halted
1915: Sues the Marconi Company for copyright infringement, but is unsuccessful
1932: Claims to have invented a cosmic ray motor
1934: Claims to have invented a death ray defensive weapon
1943: Died at age 86 in New York City

Sources

Wikipedia: Nikola Tesla, Telsa's oscillator

Saturday, June 25, 2022

Basic timeline of Henri Poincaré

This post is a basic timeline of mathematician and physicist Henri Poincaré (1854-1912). There are 19 events listed below chronologically.

1854: Born in Nancy, France
1870: Served in Franco-Prussian War in the Ambulance Corps
1873: Enrolls at the École Polytechnique
1875-1878: Studies at the École des Mines
1878: Becomes inspector for the Corps des Mines
1879: Graduates from the University of Paris
1879: Begins teaching at the University of Caen
1881: Begins teaching at the University of Paris
1881: Uses hyperboloid model to describe hyperbolic geometry
1881-1882: Establishes qualitative theory of differential equations
1883-1897: Teaches at the École Polytechnique
1887: Proposes solution to the three-body problem
1892: Proposes mathematical theory of light
1894: Publishes paper on topology
1900: Discovers relation between energy and mass
1904: Proposes Poincaré conjecture
1905: Discovers relativistic velocity transformations
1905: Proposes theory of gravitational waves
1912: Died at age 58 in Paris, France

Sources

Wikipedia: Henri Poincaré, Poincaré conjecture

List of history of philosophy posts

This post is a list of history of philosophy posts. There are 50 posts listed below chronologically by post date.

Person timelines

Philosophy books

Miscellaneous history of philosophy

Basic timeline of Kenneth Arrow

This post is a basic timeline of economist Kenneth Arrow (1921-2017). There are 18 events listed below chronologically.

1921: Born in New York, New York
1940: Earns BA degree in mathematics from City College in New York
1941: Earns Masters degree in mathematics from Columbia University
1942-1946: Serves in US Army Air Forces as weather officer
1946: Enrolls at University of Chicago as a research associate and student
1951: Becomes professor at Stanford University
1951: Publishes Arrow's impossibility theorem
1954: Publishes Arrow-Debreu model with Gérard Debreu
1951: Publishes first and second fundamental theorems of welfare economics
1957: Receives John Bates Clark Medal
1963: Publishes Uncertainty and the Welfare Economics of Medical Care
1968: Becomes professor at Harvard University
1972: Receives Nobel Prize in Economics
1979: Returns to Stanford University as a professor
1991: Retires from Stanford University
1995: Teaches at the University of Siena
2009: Becomes a founding editor of Annual Review of Economics
2017: Died at age 95 in Palo Alto, California

Sources

Wikipedia: Kenneth Arrow, Arrow-Debreu model

Basic timeline of Alan Turing

This post is a basic timeline of Alan Turing (1912-1954). There are 18 events listed below chronologically. Source: Wikipedia

1912: Born in London, England
1926: Enrolls at Sherborne School
1931: Enrolls at King's College in Cambridge
1935: Elected Fellow of King's College for central limit theorem proof
1936: Publishes On Computable Numbers, with an Application to the Entscheidungsproblem
1936: Enrolls at Princeton University
1938: Publishes Systems of Logic Based on Ordinals
1938: Begins working at the Government Code and Cypher School
1939: Solves the German naval indicator system
1942: Begins working with US Navy cryptanalysts and Bell Labs
1942: Creates Turingery technique in cryptography
1946: Publishes paper on stored-program computer design (ACE)
1948: Becomes reader at the University of Manchester
1948: Begins writing Turbochamp chess program
1950: Proposes Turing test for artificial intelligence
1952: Publishes The Chemical Basis of Morphogenesis
1952: Prosecuted for homosexual acts
1954: Died at age 41 in Cheshire, England

Sunday, June 12, 2022

List of dwarf planet and asteroid basic meanings in astrology

This post is a list of dwarf planet and asteroid basic meanings in astrology. There are 22 objects listed below alphabetically.

Astraea: justice
Ceres: mother
Chiron: healer, wounds
Eris: warrior, protest
Eros: sexual desire
Gonggong: chaos, harmony
Haumea: fertility
Hygiea: health
Ixion: lawless
Juno: commitment
Makemake: nature
Nessus: trauma
Orcus: underworld, change
Pallas: intelligence
Pholus: turning points
Psyche: soul
Quaoar: creativity, spiritual connection
Salacia: sensitivity, gentleness
Sappho: sexual attraction
Sedna: rebellion
Varda: queen of the stars, feminine
Vesta: home, life

List of Solar system dwarf planets and asteroids by orbital period

This post is a list of Solar system dwarf planets and asteroids by orbital period around the Sun. There are 22 objects listed below alphabetically.

2002 AW197: 322 years
2002 MS4: 272 years
2013 FY27: 449 years
Astraea: 4 years
Ceres: 4 years
Chiron: 50 years
Eris: 559 years
Gonggong: 554 years
Haumea: 283 years
Hygiea: 5 years
Ixion: 251 years
Juno: 4 years
Makemake: 306 years
Nessus: 122 years
Orcus: 245 years
Pallas: 4 years
Pholus: 91 years
Salacia: 273 years
Sedna: 11,390 years
Quaoar: 288 years
Varda: 313 years
Vesta: 3 years

Sources

Wikipedia: 2002 AW197, 2002 MS4, 2013 FY27, Astraea, Ceres, Chiron, Eris, Gonggong, Haumea, Hygiea, Ixion, Juno, Makemake, Nessus, Orcus, Pallas, Pholus, Salacia, Sedna, Quaoar, Varda, Vesta

List of dwarf planet and asteroid glyphs in astrology

Vesta

Photo source: Kwamikagami

List of lunar event characteristics in astrology

This post is a list of lunar event characteristics in astrology. There are 5 events listed below.

New moon: initiation
Full moon: end of cycle
Supermoon: emotions
Lunar eclipse: change
Solar eclipse: new path

Saturday, June 11, 2022

List of planet retrograde characteristics in astrology

This post is a list of planet retrograde characteristics in astrology. There are 8 planets listed below.

Mercury: misunderstanding
Venus: past love
Mars: unresolved conflicts
Jupiter: inner growth
Saturn: karma
Uranus: gain of confidence
Neptune: loss of illusions
Pluto: transformation, reflection

List of planet retrogrades in 2022

This post is a list of retrogrades in 2022. A retrograde is when a planet appears to be going backwards in the zodiac calendar from the perspective of Earth. There are 12 retrogrades listed below chronologically and by planet. Source: horoscopes.astro-seek.com

Mercury