This post is a collection of Islamic Golden Age (8th - 14th centuries) intellectuals. There are 45 intellectuals listed below alphabetically. Source: Wikipedia
- Abd al-Rahman al-Sufi: astronomy, ecliptic plane
- Abu al-Hasan al-Ash'ari: theology, Ash'ari school
- Abu Bakr al-Razi: medicine, philosophy
- Abu Mansur al-Maturidi: theology, Maturidi school
- Ahmad ibn Hanbal: jurisprudence, memorization of Hadiths
- Al-Biruni: physics, mathematics, astronomy, history
- al-Farabi (Alpharabius): music theory, neoplatonism
- Al-Farghani: astronomy, engineering
- Al-Ghazali: jurisprudence, theology
- Al-Jahiz: theology, literature, zoology
- Al-Khwarizmi: mathematics, algebra, arithmetic, astronomy
- al-Kindi: philosophy, theology, mathematics, statistics
- al-Zahrawi (Albucasis): medicine, surgery
- Al-Zarnuji: pedagogy
- Amir Khusrau: music theory, poetry
- Averroes (Ibn Rushd): philosophy, Aristotelianism, medicine, theology
- Avicenna (Ibn Sina): philosophy, medicine, astronomy
- Banū Mūsā brothers: engineering, astronomy, mathematics
- Ferdowsi: poetry
- Hafez: literature
- Hunayn ibn Ishaq (Hunain): Greek and Persian translation
- Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen): optics, physics, mathematics
- Ibn al-Nafis: medicine, circulation
- Ibn al-Quff: medicine, surgery
- Ibn al-Shatir: astronomy, mathematics
- Ibn Khaldun: history, social science
- Ibn Na-ima al-Himsi: Greek translation
- Ibn Mu'adh al-Jayyani: mathematics, spherical trigonometry
- Ibn Tufayl: philosophy, medicine
- Ibn Zuhr: medicine, surgery
- Ismail al-Jazari: engineering
- Jabir ibn Hayyan: alchemy, philosophy, cosmology
- Jabril ibn Bukhtishu: medicine
- Jamshid al-Kashi: astronomy, mathematics
- Masawaiyh: medicine
- Muhammad al-Idrisi: geography
- Nasir al-Din al-Tusi: astronomy, planetary motion, mathematics
- Nastulus: astronomy, astrolabes
- Omar Khayyam: mathematics, conic sections, literature
- Qusta ibn Luqa: medicine, mathematics, astronomy
- Saadi Shirazi: poetry
- Safi al-Din al-Urmawi: music theory
- Sharaf al-Din al-Tusi: mathematician, astronomy
- Yusaf al-Khuri: medicine, translation
- Ziryab: music theory