- Land of Punt (2500 - 980 BC)
- D'mt kingdom (980 - 400 BC)
- Ona culture (800 - 400 BC)
- Aksum kingdom (80 BC - 960 AD)
- Dahlak Sultanate (11th century - 1557)
- Medri Bahri (1137-1889)
- Ottoman Habesh Eyalet (1554-1872)
- Italian Eritrea (1882-1936)
- Italian East Africa (1936-1941)
- Britain occupies Eritrea (1941-1952)
- Italian guerrilla war in Ethiopia (1941-1943)
- Federation of Ethiopia and Eritrea (1952-1962)
- Eritrean War of Independence (1961-1991)
- Eritrea gains independence from Ethiopia (1993)
- Djiboutian-Eritrean border conflict (2008)
- Tigray War (2020 - now)
(This post includes any nation or civilization that occupied at least a portion of Eritrea at some point. Unless specified otherwise, the dates correspond to when a nation or civilization existed, but do not necessarily correspond to occupation of Eritrea.)