Tuesday, February 28, 2023

Collection of 1990's internet search engines and web directories (before Google)

This post is a collection of 1990's internet search engines and directories (before Google). There are 13 search engines listed below chronologically by year founded. License: CC BY-SA 3.0

Archie (Sept. 1990)
"Archie is a tool for indexing FTP archives, allowing users to more easily identify specific files. It is considered the first internet search engine." (Wikipedia: Archie (search engine), 2.12.23 UTC05:43)

Gopher protocol (1991)
"A Gopher system consists of a series of hierarchical hyperlinkable menus... Similar to a file on a Web server, a file on a Gopher server can be linked to as a menu item from any other Gopher server." (Wikipedia: Gopher protocol, 1.26.23 UTC 19:59)

World Wide Web Wanderer (Jun. 1993)
"The crawler was used to generate an index called the Wandex later in 1993..." (Wikipedia: World Wide Web Wanderer, 2.23.23 UTC 04:58)

W3Catalog (Sept. 1993)
"Unlike later search engines, like Aliweb, which attempt to index the web by crawling over the accessible content of web sites, W3 Catalog exploited the fact that many high quality, manually maintained listed of web resources were already available." (Wikipedia: W3Catalog, 12.19.22 UTC 19:31)

JumpStation (Dec. 1993)
"JumpStation was the first WWW search engine that behaved, and appeared to the user, the way current web search engines do... [JumpStation] had 275,000 entries spanning 1,500 servers." (Wikipedia: JumpStation, 12.14.22 UTC 11:15)

Infoseek (Jan. 1994)
"By September 1997, Infoseek had 7.3 million visitors per month. It was the 7th most visited website that year (5th in 1996) and 10th in 1998." (Wikipedia: Infoseek, 9.6.22 UCT 02: 45)

Yahoo! (Jan. 1994)
"By 1998, Yahoo! was the most popular starting point for web users..." (Wikipedia: Yahoo!, 2.27.23 UTC 10:33)

WebCrawler (Apr. 1994)
"[WebCrawler] was the second most visited website on the internet in February 1996, but it quickly dropped below rival search engines and directories such as Yahoo!, Infoseek, Lycos, and Excite in 1997." (Wikipedia: WebCrawler, 11.7.22 UTC 21:32)

ALIWEB (May 1994)
"ALIWEB allowed users to submit the locations of index files on their sites which enabled the search engine to include webpages and add user-written page descriptions and keywords." (Wikipedia: ALIWEB, 2.16.23 UTC 08:44)

Lycos (May 1994)
"Lycos was one of the most popular websites on the internet, ranking 8th in 1997, and peaking at 4th in both 1999 and 2001." (Wikipedia: Lycos, 1.6.23 UTC 00:19)

AltaVista (Dec. 1995)
"AltaVista was the most favored search engine used by professional researchers at the 'Internet Search-Off' study in February 1998, with 45 percent of the researchers choosing it." (Wikipedia: AltaVista, 2.27.23 UTC 17:57)

Excite (Oct. 1995)
"Excite was once a popular site on the Internet during the 1990s, with the main portal site Excite.com being the sixth most visited website in 1997." (Wikipedia: Excite (web portal), 2.8.23 UTC 22: 59)

LookSmart (Oct. 1996)
"By 1999... LookSmart was the twelfth most visited website worldwide with 10 million users..." (Wikipedia: LookSmart, 7.3.22 UTC 01:50)
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Collection of quotes about DMOZ

This post is a collection of quotes about DMOZ. There are 6 quotes listed below. License: CC BY-SA 3.0

1. "DMOZ was founded in the United States as Gnuhoo by Rich Skrenta and Bob Truel in 1998 while they were both working as engineers for Sun Microsystems." (Wikipedia: DMOZ, 2.27.23 UTC 16:14)

2. "On October 31, 2015, there were 3,996,412 sites listed in 1,026,706 categories." (Wikipedia: DMOZ, 2.27.23 UTC 16:14)

3. "As of April 2013, the number of contributing editors had increased to 97,584." (Wikipedia: DMOZ, 2.27.23 UTC 16:14)

4. "DMOZ closed on March 17, 2017 because AOL no longer wished to support the project." (Wikipedia: DMOZ, 2.27.23 UTC 16:14)

5. "...it was announced that while the DMOZ URL would not return, a successor version of the directory named Curlie would be provided." (Wikipedia: DMOZ, 2.27.23 UTC 16:14)

6. "The concept of using a large-scale community of editors to compile online content has been successfully applied to other types of projects... According to Larry Sanger, DMOZ was part of the inspiration for the Nupedia project, out of which Wikipedia grew." (Wikipedia: DMOZ, 2.27.23 UTC 16:14)
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Collection of quotes about the Yahoo! Directory

This post is a collection of quotes about the Yahoo! Directory. There are 4 quotes listed below. License: CC BY-SA 3.0

1. "In January 1994, Yang and Filo were electrical engineering graduate students at Stanford University, when they created a website named 'Jerry and David's guide to the World Wide Web. The site was a human-edited web directory..." (Wikipedia: Yahoo!, 2.27.23 UTC 10:33)

2. "In 1995, a search engine function, called Yahoo Search, was introduced. This allowed users to search Yahoo! Directory." (Wikipedia: Yahoo!, 2.27.23 UTC 10:33)

3. "Users could browse thousands of listings which were organized in 7 or more tiers. For example, if a user was looking for a site on chess they might follow a path such as: recreation -> games -> board games -> chess." (Wikipedia: Yahoo! Directory, 11.24.22 UTC 23: 53)

4. "On September 26, 2014, Yahoo! announced that it would be closing the directory on December 31, 2014." (Wikipedia: Yahoo! Directory, 11.24.22 UTC 23: 53)
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Monday, February 27, 2023

Collection of quotes about Go

This post is a collection of quotes about Go (initially released in 2009). There are 2 quotes listed below. License: CC BY-SA 3.0

1. "[Go] is syntactically similar to C, but with memory safety, garbage collection, structural typing and CSP-style concurrency." (Wikipedia: Go (programming language), 2.26.23 UTC 23:51)

2. "The designers wanted to address criticism of other languages in use at Google, but keep their useful characteristics:
  • Static typing and run-time efficiency (like C)
  • Readability and usability (like Python or JavaScript)
  • High Performance networking and multiprocessing"
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Thursday, February 23, 2023

List of programming language posts

This post is a list of programming language posts for this blog. There are 36 posts listed below.

    Languages (26)

    Libraries and frameworks (5)

    Miscellaneous
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Monday, February 20, 2023

Collection of quotes about Scheme

This post is a collection of quotes about Scheme (first introduced in 1975). There are 3 quotes listed below. License: CC BY-SA 3.0

1. "[Scheme] was the first dialect of Lisp to choose lexical scope and the first to require implementations to perform tail-call optimization, giving stronger support for functional programming..." (Wikipedia Scheme, 2.16.23 UTC 02:09)

2. "Scheme's very simple syntax is based on s-expressions, parenthesized lists in which a prefix operator is followed by its arguments. Scheme programs thus consist of sequences of nested lists." (Wikipedia Scheme, 2.16.23 UTC 02:09)

3. "...Scheme is lexically scoped: all possible variable bindings in a program unit can be analyzed by reading the text of the program unit without consideration of the contexts in which it may be called." (Wikipedia Scheme, 2.16.23 UTC 02:09)
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Collection of quotes about Simula

This post is a collection of quotes about Simula (initially released in 1962). There are 2 quotes listed below. License: CC BY-SA 3.0

1. "Simula is considered the first object-oriented programming language." (Wikipedia: Simula, 12.31.22 UTC 03:34)

2. "Simula 67 introduced objects, classes, inheritance and subclasses, virtual procedures, coroutines and discrete event simulation, and featured garbage collection." (Wikipedia: Simula, 12.31.22 UTC 03:34)
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Sunday, February 19, 2023

List of outer planet stelliums since 1900

This post is a collection of outer planet stelliums since 1900. A stellium is when 3 or more planets are conjunct within a few degrees. There are 4 stelliums listed below chronologically. Source: starzpsychics.com

  • 1941: Jupiter, Neptune, Pluto in Taurus
  • 1968: Jupiter, Uranus, Pluto in Virgo/Libra
  • 1989: Saturn, Uranus, Neptune in Capricorn
  • 2020: Jupiter, Saturn, Pluto in Capricorn
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Thursday, February 16, 2023

List of Chinese deities by celestial object

This post is a list of Chinese deities by celestial object. There are 7 deities listed below.

  • Xihe: Sun
  • Chang'e: Moon
  • Heidi: Mercury
  • Taibai Jinxing: Venus
  • Chidi: Mars
  • Fuxing: Jupiter
  • Huangdi: Saturn

Sources
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List of playable Yoshi colors in Yoshi Story (1998)

This post is a list of playable Yoshi colors in Yoshi Story (1998). There are 8 colors listed below alphabetically. Source: mariowiki.com

  • Black
  • Blue
  • Green
  • Light blue
  • Pink
  • Red
  • Yellow
  • White
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List of Navagraha deities by celestial body

This post is a list of Navagraha deities in Hindu astrology by celestial body. There are 9 deities listed below. Source: Wikipedia

  • Surya: Sun
  • Chandra: Moon
  • Budha: Mercury
  • Shukra: Venus
  • Mangala: Mars
  • Brhaspati: Jupiter
  • Shani: Saturn
  • Rahu: Moon ascending node
  • Ketu: Moon descending node
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Tuesday, February 14, 2023

Basic timeline of television technology

This post is a basic timeline of television technology. There are 35 innovations listed below chronologically.

  • 1843: facsimile transmission
  • 1856: practical facsimile system
  • 1884: Nipkow disk
  • 1895: telephotography
  • 1897: cathode-ray tube
  • 1907: practical image rasterizer
  • 1911: mechanical mirror-drum scanner
  • 1914: Televista
  • 1923: transmission of moving silhouette images
  • 1924: cable television
  • 1926: first public television broadcast
  • 1926: 40-line resolution Nipkow disk scanner
  • 1926: charge storage
  • 1927: flying-spot scanner
  • 1927: image dissector camera tube
  • 1927: flat panel plasma display
  • 1928: color transmission
  • 1928: first television station
  • 1928: 3D television
  • 1931: iconoscope
  • 1931: multipactor
  • 1932: ultra-short wave television
  • 1931: Emitron
  • 1934: super-Emitron
  • 1934: CPS Emitron
  • 1939: field-sequential color system
  • 1940: Telechrome
  • 1951: first national live television broadcast
  • 1962: satellite television
  • 1966: Porta-Color
  • 1976: VHS
  • 1978: LED display
  • 1980s: HDTV
  • 1994: smart TV
  • 1997: DVD

Sources
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Sunday, February 12, 2023

Basic timeline of automobiles

This post is a basic timeline of automobiles. There are 37 innovations listed below chronologically.

  • 1672: steam-powered vehicle
  • 1784: steam-powered carriage
  • 1816: oil-fired steam car
  • 1826: hydrogen internal combustion engine vehicle
  • 1835: electric motor vehicle
  • 1867: two-cylinder steam engine carriage
  • 1867: gasoline engine
  • 1870: gasoline engine vehicle
  • 1871: steam-powered vehicle for U.S. roads
  • 1872: fuel injection
  • 1873: multi-passenger steam vehicle
  • 1873: independent suspension
  • 1876: power steering
  • 1878: turbocharger
  • 1883: low-voltage ignition system
  • 1886: motorcycle
  • 1886: regenerative braking
  • 1888: vehicle mass production
  • 1889: gasoline-electric hybrid vehicle
  • 1895: disc brake
  • 1895: electric starter
  • 1898: fixed drive shaft
  • 1898: differential
  • 1898: dynamotor
  • 1896: single-cylinder gasoline vehicle
  • 1902: drum brake
  • 1904: automatic transmission
  • 1905: safety glass
  • 1919: hydraulic brakes
  • 1928: anti-lock braking system
  • 1929: all-wheel drive
  • 1938: electronic stability control
  • 1939: engine control unit
  • 1939: dual-clutch transmission
  • 1949: seat belt
  • 1952: vehicle airbag
  • 1997: NiMH and Li-ion battery electric vehicles

Sources
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Basic timeline of the telephone

This post is a basic timeline of the telephone. There are 24 innovations listed below chronologically.

  • 7th cen AD: acoustic string phone in Peru
  • 1667: acoustic string phone created by Robert Hooke
  • 1804: electrochemical telegraph
  • 1816: working telegraph
  • 1839: commercial telegraph
  • 1854: Meucci telephone
  • 1861: Reis telephone
  • 1875: electro-dynamic receiver
  • 1876: water microphone telephone
  • 1876: practical telephone
  • 1877: carbon transmitter
  • 1877: long-distance telephone line
  • 1878: commercial telephone exchange
  • 1887: multiplex switchboard
  • 1890s: candlestick telephone
  • 1892: rotary dial
  • 1927: transatlantic phone call
  • 1957: transatlantic direct dial phone call
  • 1963: Touch-Tone
  • 1973: cell phone
  • 1973: Voice over Internet Protocol
  • 1980: CMOS PCM codec-filter chip
  • 1992: smartphone
  • 2007: iPhone

Sources
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Basic timeline of aviation

This post is a basic timeline of aviation. There are 34 innovations listed below chronologically by first flight. Source: Wikipedia

  • 6th cen AD: man-carrying kite
  • 1648: fixed glider wing aircraft
  • 1783: manned hot air balloon
  • 1848: triplane glider
  • 1848: unmanned steam-powered propeller monoplane
  • 1852: controlled steam engine aircraft
  • 1871: aerodynamically stable fixed-wing monoplane
  • 1874: monoplane with tailplane
  • 1877: unmanned steam-powered helicopter
  • 1879: monoplane with twin tractor propellers
  • 1884: electric-powered airship
  • 1890: steam-driven flying machine
  • 1891: controlled untethered glider
  • 1894: box kite aircraft
  • 1896: unpiloted, engine-driven aircraft
  • 1900: Zeppelin
  • 1901: non-rigid airship (blimp)
  • 1901: powered and controlled heavier-than-air flight (Gustave Whitehead)
  • 1903: powered and controlled heavier-than-air flight (Wright Brothers)
  • 1906: canard with wing dihedral
  • 1907: Voisin biplane
  • 1907: manned helicopter
  • 1907: rotary-winged helicopter
  • 1907: Demoiselle monoplane
  • 1909: Farman III biplane
  • 1914: commercial passenger flight
  • 1919: autogyro rotorcraft
  • 1929: rocket-powered flight
  • 1929: flight instruments
  • 1939: jet aircraft
  • 1947: sound barrier broken
  • 1952: commercial jet airlines
  • 1961: manned space flight
  • 1969: manned moon flight
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Saturday, February 11, 2023

Basic timeline of photography

This post is a basic timeline of photography. There are 17 inventions listed below chronologically. Source: Wikipedia

  • 1717: silver nitrate experiments with light
  • 1777: silver chloride experiments with light
  • 1790s: permanent image experiments using silver nitrate
  • 1816: photograph using silver chloride
  • 1832: mirror stereoscope
  • 1839: daguerreotype
  • 1839: glass negative
  • 1841: calotype process
  • 1844: lenticular stereoscope
  • 1851: collodion process
  • 1861: permanent color photograph
  • 1881: pyrogallol, sulfite and citric acid formula
  • 1907: Autochrome plate
  • 1935: Kodachrome film
  • 1957: binary digital version of the wirephoto drum
  • 1969: charge-coupled device
  • 1986: megapixel sensor
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Basic timeline of spaceflight

This post is a basic timeline of spaceflight. There are 9 events listed below chronologically.

  • 1957: Soviet Union launches Sputnik 1 as first artificial satellite
  • 1958: NASA is formed
  • 1958: United States launches Explorer 1 artificial satellite
  • 1961: Yuri Gagarin becomes the first human in space (Vostok program)
  • 1969: Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin become the first humans to walk on the moon (Apollo 11)
  • 1998: International Space Station is launched
  • 2000: Blue Origin is founded by Jeff Bezos
  • 2002: SpaceX is founded by Elon Musk
  • 2020: first commercial mission to the International Space Station (SpaceX)

Sources
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Basic timeline of the Industrial Revolution

This post is a basic timeline of the Industrial Revolution. There are 29 inventions listed below chronologically.

  • 1678: coal reverberatory furnace
  • 1701: improved seed drill
  • 1712: atmospheric engine
  • 1721: water-powered silk mill
  • 1730: Rotherham plough
  • 1733: flying shuttle
  • 1740s: Huntsman crucible steel process
  • 1742: blowing engine
  • 1746: lead chamber process
  • 1750s: planing machine
  • 1764: spinning jenny
  • 1769: spinning frame
  • 1774: precision boring machine
  • 1778: Watt steam engine
  • 1779: spinning mule
  • 1782: rotary steam engine
  • 1783: milling machine
  • 1783: rolling process
  • 1784: puddling process
  • 1784: threshing machine
  • 1785: vertical power loom
  • 1791: Leblanc process
  • 1791: shaping machine
  • 1798: paper machine
  • 1810s: Cornish engine
  • 1812: gas lighting utilities
  • 1824: Portland cement
  • 1828: hot blast
  • 1832: sheet glass

Sources
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Friday, February 10, 2023

List of exaltation degrees in astrology

This post is a list of exaltation degrees in astrology. There are 7 planets listed below. Source: Wikipedia

  • Sun: 19 degrees of Aries
  • Moon: 3 degrees of Taurus
  • Mercury: 15 degrees of Virgo
  • Venus: 27 degrees of Pisces
  • Mars: 28 degrees of Capricorn
  • Jupiter: 15 degrees of Cancer
  • Saturn: 21 degrees of Libra
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Sunday, February 5, 2023

List of Super Mario video games

This post is a list of Super Mario video games as of February 2023. There are 23 games listed below chronologically. Source: Wikipedia

  • 1985: Super Mario Bros.
  • 1986: Super Mario Bros.: The Lost Levels
  • 1988: Super Mario Bros. 2
  • 1988: Super Mario Bros. 3
  • 1989: Super Mario Land
  • 1990: Super Mario World
  • 1992: Super Mario Land 2: 6 Golden Coins
  • 1995: Super Mario World 2: Yoshi's Island
  • 1996: Super Mario 64
  • 2002: Super Mario Sunshine
  • 2006: New Super Mario Bros.
  • 2007: Super Mario Galaxy
  • 2009: New Super Mario Bros. Wii
  • 2010: Super Mario Galaxy 2
  • 2011: Super Mario 3D Land
  • 2012: New Super Mario Bros. 2
  • 2012: New Super Mario Bros. U
  • 2013: Super Mario 3D World
  • 2015: Super Mario Maker
  • 2016: Super Mario Run
  • 2017: Super Mario Odyssey
  • 2019: Super Mario Maker 2
  • 2021: Bowser's Fury
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Collection of quotes about astrology

This post is a collection of quotes about astrology. There are 5 quotes listed below. License: CC BY-SA 3.0

1. "Most, if not all, cultures have attached importance to what they observed in the sky, and some - such as the Hindus, Chinese, and the Maya - developed elaborate systems for predicting terrestrial events from celestial observations." (Wikipedia: Astrology, 2.5.23 UTC 09:21)

2. "Contemporary Western astrology is often associated with systems of horoscopes that purport to explain aspects of a person's personality and predict significant events based on the positions of celestial objects..." (Wikipedia: Astrology, 2.5.23 UTC 09:21)

3. "Advocates have defined astrology as a symbolic language, an art form, a science, and a method of divination." (Wikipedia: Astrology, 2.5.23 UTC 09:21)

4. "Each planet is in a particular sign and a particular house at the chosen time, when observed from the chosen place, creating two kinds of relationship." (Wikipedia: Astrology, 2.5.23 UTC 09:21)

5. "Astral configurations in astrology represent for Jung an example of synchronicity, that is, of a parallel, non-causal relationship between the development of celestial phenomena and those marked by terrestrial time." (Wikipedia: Synchronicity, 1.30.23 UTC 08:18)
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Collection of Diamond Princess cruise ship COVID-19 facts

This post is a collection of facts about COVID-19 on the Diamond Princess cruise ship. There are 7 facts listed below. Source: Wikipedia

  • Departure: 1/20/2020
  • Passengers begin to disembark: 2/17/2020
  • Total onboard: 3,711 (2,666 passengers, 1,045 crew)
  • Cases: 712
  • Deaths: 14 (1.9% of cases)
  • Passenger median age: 69
  • Crew median age: 36
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Ranking of Texas hold'em poker hands

This post is ranking of Texas hold'em poker hands. There are 10 hands listed below in order of best to worst. Source: Wikipedia

  • Royal flush
  • Straight flush
  • Four of a kind
  • Full house
  • Flush
  • Straight
  • Three of a kind
  • Two pair
  • Pair
  • High card
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