Collection of Titian paintings

This post is a collection of paintings by Titian (1490-1576). There are 2 paintings listed below chronologically.

Sacred and Profane Love (1514)

Bacchus and Ariadne (1520-1523)

Collection of Raphael paintings

This post is a collection of artwork by Raphael (1483-1520). There are 3 paintings listed below chronologically.

The Marriage of the Virgin (1504)

Saint Catherine of Alexandria (1507)

The Sistine Madonna (1512)

Collection of Albrecht Dürer paintings

This post is a collection of paintings by Albrecht Dürer (1471-1528). There are 4 paintings listed below chronologically.

Self-portrait (1500)

Adoration of the Magi (1504)

Christ among the Doctors (1506)

Feast of the Rosary (1506)

Collection of Edgar Degas paintings

This post is a collection of paintings by Edgar Degas (1834-1917). There are 4 paintings listed below chronologically.

The Bellelli Family (1858-1869)

L'Orchestre de l'Opera (1870)

Orchestra Musicians (1872-1876)

L'Absinthe (1873)

Collection of Phillipp Otto Runge artwork

This post is a collection of artwork by Phillipp Otto Runge (1771-1810). There are 2 pieces listed below chronologically.

The Morning (1808)

Farbenkugel (1810)

Collection of Tiësto songs

This post is a collection of Tiësto songs. There are 10 songs listed below alphabetically.

• Adagio For Strings
• Athena
• Bright Morningstar
• Elements of Life
• Fresh Fruit
• Love Comes Again
• Olympic Flame
• Ten Seconds Before Sunrise
• Traffic
• Escape Me

Collection of Ivan Aivazovsky marine paintings

This post is a collection of landscape paintings by Ivan Aivazovsky (1817-1900). There are 2 paintings listed below chronologically.

Gulf of Naples in the morning (1843)

Sunset over Yalta (1861)

List of expansions for The Sims (2000)

This post is a list of expansions for The Sims (2000). There are 7 expansions listed below chronologically. Source: Wikipedia

1. Livin' Large (2000)
2. House Party (2001)
3. Hot Date (2001)
4. Vacation (2002)
5. Unleashed (2002)
6. Superstar (2003)
7. Makin' Magic (2003)

List of trigonometric functions

Photo source: Wikimedia Commons, TheOtherJesse

This post is a list of trigonometric functions. There are 6 functions listed below. Source: Wikipedia

Sine (sin)

Opposite / Hypotenuse

Sin A = a / c

Cosine (cos)

Adjacent / Hypotenuse

Cos A = b / c

Tangent (tan)

Opposite / Adjacent

Tan A = a / b

Cotangent (cot)

Adjacent / Opposite

Cos A = b / a

Secant (sec)

Hypotenuse / Adjacent

Sec A = c / b

Cosecant (cosec)

Hypotenuse / Opposite

Cosec A = c / a

List of major humanitarian crises (2021)

This post is a list of major humanitarian crises as of 2021. There are 16 crises listed below alphabetically. License: CC BY-SA 3.0

Afghanistan Taliban offensive (2021 - now)

"A successful military offensive by the Taliban allied militant groups against the government of Afghanistan and its allies began on May 1st, 2021, together with the withdrawal of most U.S. troops from Afghanistan... The offensive is noted for the rapid territorial gains of the Taliban..." (Wikipedia: 2021 Taliban offensive, 8.17.21 UTC 00:28)

Bangladesh Rohingya refugees

"Recently violence in Myanmar has escalated, so the number of refugees in Bangladesh has increased rapidly...Overcrowding from the recent population boom at Bangladesh's Rohingya refugee camps has placed a strain on its infrastructure." (Wikipedia: Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh, 6.9.21 UTC 09:29)

Burkina Faso terrorism

"Terrorism in Burkina Faso refers to non-state actor violence in Burkina Faso that is carried out with the intent of causing fear and spreading extremist ideology... A series of Ouagadougou in 2016, 2017 and 2018 by al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb and its affiliates was particularly deadly, garnering international attention." (Wikipedia: Terrorism in Burkina Faso, 7.29.21 UTC 16:14)

Central African Republic Civil War (2012 - now)

"The current conflict arose when a new coalition of varied rebel groups, known as Séléka, accused the government of failing to abide by the peace agreements, captured many towns in 2012 and seized the capital in 2013... More than 1.1 million people have fled their homes in a county of about 5 million..." (Wikipedia: Central African Republic Civil War, 8.15.21 UTC 16:55)

Democratic Republic of Congo crisis

"According to the Food Security Portal, nearly 70 percent of the DRC population have little to no access to an adequate food supply contributing to the malnourishment of one out of every four children... Due to the ongoing violence the United Nations estimates that approximately 2.3 million person are displaced in the DRC." (Wikipedia: Poverty in the Democratic Republic of Congo, 6.25.21 UTC 01:55)

Ethiopian Tigray War (2020 - now)

"The Special Forces of the Tigray Regional government are fighting the Ethiopian National Defense Force (ENDF), the latter being aided by the Ethiopian Federal Police, regional police, and gendarmerie forces of the neighboring Amhara and Afar Regions with the involvement of Eritrean Defense Forces..." (Wikipedia: Tigray War, 8.16.21 UTC 17:09)

Iraqi ISIL insurgency (2017 - now)

"The insurgency is a direct continuation of the War in Iraq from 2013 to 2017, with ISIL continuing armed opposition against the Shia-led Iraqi Government... In September 2017, Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, the leader of ISIL, called on ISIL supporters around the world to launch attacked on Western news media..." (Wikipedia: ISIL insurgency in Iraq, 8.13.21 UTC 23:07)

Mali War (2012 - now)

"On January 16, 2012, several insurgent groups began fighting a campaign against the Malian government for independence or greater autonomy for northern Mali, which they called Azawad... Despite the signing of a peace accord in the capital on April 15th, 2015, low-level fighting continues." (Wikipedia: Mali War, 8.13.21 UTC 20:57)

Mozambican insurgency in Cabo Delgado (2017 - now)

"The insurgency in Cabo Delgado is an ongoing conflict in Cabo Delgado Province, Mozambique, mainly fought between Islamist militants attempting to establish an Islamic state in the region and Mozambican security forces." (Wikipedia: Insurgency in Cabo Delgado, 8.15.21 UTC 11:36)

Myanmar internal conflict (1948 - now)

"Insurgencies have been ongoing in Myanmar since 1948, the year the country, then known as Burma, gained independence from the United Kingdom... Despite numerous ceasefires and the creation of autonomous self-administered zones in 2008, many groups continue to call for independence, increase autonomy or federalization of the country. " (Wikipedia: Internal conflict in Myanmar, 8.10.21 UTC 15:45)

Nigerian Boko Haram insurgency (2009 - now)

"The Boko Haram insurgency began in July 2009 when the jihadist group Boko Haram started an armed rebellion against the government of Nigeria... After years of fighting, the insurgents became increasingly aggressive and started to seize large areas of northeastern Nigeria." (Wikipedia: Boko Haram insurgency, 8.15.21 UTC 23:49)

Somali Civil War (1991 - now)

"The clan-based armed opposition groups overthrew the Barre government in 1991... The Federal Government of Somalia was established in August 2012, constituting the country's first permanent central government since the start of the civil war. International stakeholders and analysts subsequently began to describe Somalia as a 'fragile state'..." (Wikipedia: Somali Civil War, 8.16.21 UTC 11:31)

South Sudanese Civil War (2013 - 2020)

"Fighting broke out between the Sudan People's Liberation Movement (SPLM) and SPLM - IO (in-opposition)... About 400,000 people were estimated to have been killed in the war by April 2018... According to the IMF in October 2017, real income had halved since 2013 and inflation was more than 300% per annum." (Wikipedia: South Sudanese Civil War, 8.16.21 UTC 08:06)

Syrian Civil War (2011 - now)

"The war is currently being fought by several factions, including the Syrian Armed Forces and its domestic and international allies, a loose alliance of mostly Sunni opposition rebel groups... Salafi jihadist groups... the mixed Kurdish-Arab Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) and the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL)." (Wikipedia: Syrian Civil War, 8.14.21 UTC 05:33)

Venezuelan Crisis (2010 - now)

"[The crisis in Venezuela] has been marked by hyperinflation, escalating starvation, disease, crime and mortality rates, resulting in massive emigration from the country... An UN report estimated in March 2019 that 94% of Venezuelans lived in poverty and by 2021 almost twenty percent of Venezuelans (5.4 million) had left their country." (Wikipedia: Crisis in Venezuela, 8.16.21 UTC 21:03)

Yemeni Civil War (2014 - now)

"Houthi forces currently control the capital Sanaa and all of North Yemen except Mari Governorate. They have clashed with Saudi-backed pro-government forces loyal to Hadi... Al Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP) and the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) have also carried out attacks against both factions..." (Wikipedia: Yemeni Civil War, 8.15.21 UTC 05:05)

List of cradles of civilization

This post is a list of cradles of civilization. There are 6 locations listed below alphabetically. License: CC BY-SA 3.0

Andes

"The earliest evidence of agriculture in the Andean region dates to around 4700 BC at Huaca Prieta and Paredones." (Wikipedia: Cradle of Civilization, 8.16.21 UTC 21:55)

Mesopotamia

"Around 10,200 BC the first fully developed Neolithic cultures belonging to the phases Pre-Pottery Neolithic A and Pre-Pottery Neolithic B appeared in the Fertile Crescent..." (Wikipedia: Cradle of Civilization, 8.16.21 UTC 21:55)

China

"Early evidence for Chinese millet agriculture is dated to around 7000 BC with the earliest evidence of cultivated rice found at Chengtoushan near the Yangtze River, dated 6500 BC" (Wikipedia: Cradle of Civilization, 8.16.21 UTC 21:55)

Egypt

"The oldest fully developed Neolithic culture in Egypt is Fayum A culture that began around 5500 BC." (Wikipedia: Cradle of Civilization, 8.16.21 UTC 21:55)

India

"One of the earliest Neolithic sites in the Indian subcontinent is Bhirrana along the ancient Ghaggar-Hakra riverine system... dating around 7600 BC" (Wikipedia: Cradle of Civilization, 8.16.21 UTC 21:55)

Mesoamerica

"The Coxcatlan caves in the Valley of Tehuacán provide evidence for agriculture in components dated between 5000 and 3400 BC." (Wikipedia: Cradle of Civilization, 8.16.21 UTC 21:55)

List of Viridiplantae divisions

This post is a list of Viridiplantae divisions. There are 12 divisions listed below chronologically. Source: Wikipedia

1. Anthocerotophyta - Hornworts

"The plant body of a hornwort is a haploid gametophyte stage. This stage usually grows as a thin rosette or ribbon-like thallus between one and five centimeters in diameter." (Wikipedia: Hornwort, 8.9.21 UTC 02:43)

2. Bryophyta - Mosses

"Mosses typically form dense green clumps or mats, often in damp or shady locations... Mosses do not have seeds and after fertilization develop sporophytes with unbranched stalks topped with single capsules containing spores." (Wikipedia: Moss, 8.14.21 UTC 02:40)

3. Charophyta - Green algae

"Charophyta is a group of freshwater green algae... The charophytes and embryophytes share several traits that distinguish them from the chlorophytes, such as the presence of certain enzymes, ...lateral flagella (when present) and, in many species, the use of phragmoplasts in mitosis." (Wikipedia: Charophyta, 7.06.21 UTC 04:43)

4. Chlorophyta - Green algae

"Chlorophyta is a taxon of green algae informally called chlorophytes... All members of the clade have motile flagellated swimming cells. While most species live in freshwater habitats and a large number in marine habitats, other species are adapted to a wide range of land environments." (Wikipedia: Chlorophyta, 6.13.21 UTC 14:38)

5. Cycadophyta - Cycads

"[Cycads] typically have a stout and woody (ligneous trunk with a crown of large, hard and stiff, evergreen leaves... Cycads vary in size from having trucks only a few centimeters to several meters tall." (Wikipedia: Cycad, 7.9.21 UTC 17:45)

6. Ginkgophyta - Ginkgo

"Ginkgoales is a gymnosperm order containing only one extant species: Ginkgo biloba, the ginkgo tree... The distinctive shape of the modern Ginkgo biloba gives the impression of a very narrow leaf morphology, but the group [Ginkgo] is varied and diverse." (Wikipedia: Ginkgoales, 6.10.21 UTC 17:55)

7. Gnetophyta

"The primary difference between gnetophytes and other gymnosperms is the presence of vessel elements, a system of conduits that transport water within the plant, similar to those found in flowering plants." (Wikipedia: Gnetophyta, 8.2.21 UTC 01:58)

8. Lycopodiophyta - Clubmosses

"[Lycopodiopsida] have dichotomously branching stems bearing simples leaves called microphylls and reproduce by means of spores borne in sporangia on the sides of the stems at the bases of the leaves." (Wikipedia: Lycopodiopsida, 6.9.21 UTC 18:31)

9. Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

"[Flowers] are distinguished from gymnosperms by characteristics including flowers, endosperm within their seeds and the production of fruits that contain the seed." (Wikipedia: Flowering plant, 8.13.21 UTC 04:34)

10. Marchantiophyta - Liverworts

"Some of the more familiar species grow as flattened leafless thallus, but most species are leafy with a form very much like a flattened moss... Liverworts are typically small, usually from 2-20 mm wide with individual plants less than 10 cm long... However certain species may cover large patches of ground..." (Wikipedia: Marchantiophyta, 8.9.21 UTC 03:45)

11. Pinophyta - Conifers

"Conifers are a group of cone-bearing seed plants, a subset of gymnosperms... The great majority are trees, though a few are shrubs. Examples include cedars, Douglas-fires, cypresses, firs, junipers, kauri, larches, pines, hemlocks, redwoods, spruces and yews." (Wikipedia: Conifer, 8.10.21 UTC 15:04)

12. Polypodiophyta - Ferns

"A fern is a member of a group of vascular plants that reproduce via spores and have neither seeds nor flowers... Ferns have complex leaves called megaphylls..." (Wikipedia: Fern, 8.15.21 UTC 11:38)

License: CC BY-SA 3.0

List of Vertebrata subphylum

This post is a list of Vertebrata subphylum. There are 7 subphylum listed below alphabetically. Source: Wikipedia

1. Agnatha

"In addition to the absence of jaws, modern agnathans are characterized by absence of paired fins; the presence of a notochord both in larvae and adults; and seven or more paired gill pouches." (Wikipedia: Agnatha, 8.2.21 UTC 22:47)

2. Amphibia

"[Amphibia] inhabit a wide variety of habitats, with most species living within terrestrial, fossorial, arboreal or freshwater aquatic ecosystems... Traditionally, the class Amphibia includes all tetrapod vertebrates that are not amniotes." (Wikipedia: Amphibian, 8.14.21 UTC 22:444)

3. Aves

"Birds are a group of warm-blooded vertebrates constituting the class Aves, characterized by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered hear, and a strong yet lightweight skeleton." (Wikipedia: Birds, 8.4.21 UTC 21:49)

4. Chondrichthyes

"Chondrichthyes is a class that contains the cartilaginous fishes that have skeletons primarily composed of cartilage Chondrichthyes are jawed vertebrates with paired fins, paired nares, scales, and a heart with its chambers in series." (Wikipedia: Chondrichthyes, 7.13.21 UTC 17:22)

5. Mammalia

"Mammals... are characterized by the presence of mammary glands... a neocortex, fur or hair and three middle ear bones." (Wikipedia: Mammal, 8.8.21 UTC 07:22)

6. Osteichthyes

"Osteichthyes, popularly referred to as the bony fish, is a diverse taxonomic group of fish that have skeletons primarily composed of bone tissue. They can be contrasted with the Chondrichthyes, which have skeletons primarily composed of cartilage." (Wikipedia: Osteichthyes, 7.3.21 UTC 15:56)

7. Reptilia

"Reptiles are... a paraphyletic grouping comprising all amniotes except synapsids (mammals and their extinct relatives) and Aves (birds). The class comprises turtles, crocodilians, snakes, amphisbaenians, lizards, tuatara and their extinct relatives." (Wikipedia: Reptile, 8.14.21 UTC 20:48)

License: CC BY-SA 3.0

List of animal phylum

This post is a list of animal phylum. There are 31 phylum listed below alphabetically. Source: Wikipedia

1. Annelida

"[Annelids] include ragworms, earthworms and leeches... Annelids are bilaterally symmetrical, triploblastic, coelomate, invertebrate organisms." (Wikipedia: Annelid, 8.12.21 UTC 00:56)

2. Arthropoda

"Arthropods are invertebrate animals having an exoskeleton, a segmented body, and paired jointed appendages... [Arthropods] include insects, arachnids, myriapods and crustaceans." (Wikipedia: Arthropod, 8.10.21 UTC 19:38)

3. Brachiopoda

"Brachiopods are a group of lophotrochozoan aniamls that have hard 'valve' (shells) on the upper and lower surfaces... Brachiopod valves are hinged at the read end, while the from can be opened for feeding or closed for protection." (Wikipedia: Brachiopod, 7.6.21 UTC 02:00)

4. Bryozoa

"Bryozoa are a phylum of simple, aquatic invertebrate animals, nearly all living in sedentary colonies. Typically about 0.5 millimeters long, they have a special feeding structure called a lophophore, a 'crown' of tentacles used for filter feeding." (Wikipedia: Bryozoa, 8.11.21 UTC 11:05)

5. Chaetognatha

"Chaetognatha are a phylum of predatory marine worms that are a major component of plankton worldwide." (Wikipedia: Chaetognatha, 8.3.21 UTC 00:51)

6. Chordata

"Chordata posses 5 synapomorphies, or primary characteristics... a notochord, dorsal hollow nerve cord, endostyle or thyroid, pharyngeal slits and a post-anal tail... Chordates are divided into three subphyla: Vertebrata (fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals); Tunicata or Urochordata (sea squirts, salps); and Cephalochordata (which includes lancelets)." (Wikipedia: Chordate, 7.20.21 UTC 14:30)

7. Cnidaria

"[Cnidarian] bodies consist of mesoglea, a non-living jelly-like substance, sandwiched between two layers of epithelium that are mostly one cell thick... Cnidarians mostly have two basic body forms: swimming medusae and sessile polyps, both of which are radially symmetrical with mouths surrounded by tentacles that bear cnidocytes." (Wikipedia: Cnidaria, 8.3.21 UTC 13:17)

8. Ctenophora

"[Ctenophora] are notable for the groups of cilia they use for swimming... Their bodies consist of a mass of jelly, with a layer two cells thick on the outside, and another lining the internal cavity." (Wikipedia: Ctenophora, 7.5.21)

9. Cycliophora

"[Cycliophora] have sac-like bodies, and three distinctly different forms in different parts of their two-stage life-cycle." (Wikipedia: Symbion, 8.9.21 UTC 15:52)

10. Echinoderm

"[Echinoderm] adults are recognizable by their (usually five-point) radial symmetry, and include starfish, sea urchins, san dollars, and sea cucumbers, as well as the sea lilies or 'stone lilies'." (Wikipedia: Echinoderm, 7.4.21 UTC 15:09)

11. Entoprocta

"[Entoprocta] mature individuals are goblet-shaped, on relatively long stalks. They have a 'crown' of solid tentacles whole cilia generate water currents that draw food particles towards the mouth..." (Wikipedia: Entoprocta, 8.2.21 UTC 23:21)

12. Gastrotrich

"Gastrotrichs have a simple body plan with a head region, with a brain and sensory organs, and a truck with a simple gut and the reproductive organs. They have adhesive glands with which they can anchor themselves to the substrate and cilia with which they move around." (Wikipedia: Gastrotrich, 7.5.21 UTC 06:45)

13. Gnathostomulida

"[Gnathostomulids] are often slender to thread-like worms, with a generally transparent body... Like flatworms, they have a ciliated epidermis, but in contrast to flatworms, they have one cilium per cell." (Wikipedia: Gnathostomulid, 8.2.21 UTC 16:25)

14. Hemichordata

"[Hemichordata] include two main classes: Enteropneusta (acorn worms) and Pterobrachia... Acorn worms are solitary worm-shaped organisms. They generally live in burrows (the earliest secreted tubes) and are deposit feeders, but some species are pharyngeal filter feeders, while the family Torquaratorida are fee living detritivores." (Wikipedia: Hemichordate, 7.6.21 UTC 05:10)

15. Kinorhyncha

"Kinorhycha is a phylum of small marine invertebrates that are widespread in mud or sand at all depths as part of the meiobenthos. They are also called mud worms." (Wikipedia: Kinorhyncha, 8.16.21 UTC 14:56)

16. Loricifera

"Loricifera is a phylum of very small to microscopic marine cycloneuralian sediment-dwelling animals... They are characterized by a protective outer case called lorica and their habitat is in the spaces between marine gravel to which they attach themselves." (Wikipedia: Loricifera, 7.31.21 UTC 02:35)

17. Micrognathozoa

"[Micrognathozoa] is a microscopic platyzoan freshwater animal... With an average length of one-tenth of a millimeter, it is one of the smallest animals known." (Wikipedia: Limnognathia, 8.2.21 UTC)

18. Mollusca

"[Molluscs] are highly diverse, not just in size and atomical structure, but also in behaviour and habitat... The three most universal features defining modern molluscs are a mantle with a significant cavity used for breathing and excretion, the presence of a radula (except for bivalves) and the structure of the nervous system. (Wikipedia: Mollusca, 8.5.21 UTC 04:22)

19. Nematoda

"The nematodes or roundworms constitute the phylum Nematoda with plant-parasitic nematodes being known as eelworms. They are a diverse animal phylum inhabiting a broad range of environments." (Wikipedia: Nematode, 7.21.21 UTC 10:19)

20. Nematomorpha

"Nematomorphs possess an external cuticle without cilia. Internally, they have only longitudinal muscle and a non-functional gut, with no excretory, respiratory or circulatory systems." (Wikipedia: Nematomorpha, 8.12.21 UTC 10:48)

21. Nemertea

"Most [Nemertea] are very slim, usually only a  few millimeters wide, although a few have relatively short but wide bodies... The foregut, stomach and intestine run a little below the midline of the body, the anus is at the tip of the tail, and the mouth is under the front." (Wikipedia: Nemertea, 7.5.21 UTC 08:15)

22. Onychophora

"Onychophora, commonly known as velvet worms or more ambiguously as peripatus is a phylum of elongate, soft-bodies, many legged panarthropods." (Wikipedia: Onychophora, 8.6.21 UTC 20:14)

23. Phoronid

"Phoronids are a small phylum of marine animals that filter-feed with a lophophore (a 'crown' of tentacles), and build upright rubes of chitin to support and protect their soft bodies." (Wikipedia: Phoronid, 7.29.21 UTC 19:05)

24. Placozoa

"The Placozoa are a basal form of marine free-living (non-parasitic) multicellular organism. They are the simplest in structure of all animals." (Wikipedia: Placozoa, 8.11.21 UTC 10:47)

25. Platyhelminthes

"Unlike other bilaterians, [Platyhelminthes] are acoelomates (having no body cavity), and have no specialized circulatory and respiratory organs, which restricts them to having flattened shapes that allow oxygen and nutrients to pass through their bodies by diffusion." (Wikipedia: Flatworm, 7.18.21 UTC 20:11)

26. Porifera

"[Porifera] are multicellular organisms that have bodies full of pores and channels allowing water to circulate through them, consisting of jelly-like mesohyl sandwiched  between tow thin layers of cells." (Wikipedia: Sponge, 8.4.21 UTC 18:58)

27. Priapulida

"Priapulids are cylindrical worm-like animals, ranging from 0.2 - 0.3 to 39 centimeters long with a median anterior mouth quite devoid of any armature or tentacles. The body is divided into a main truck or abdomen and a somewhat swollen proboscis region ornamented with longitudinal ridges." (Wikipedia: Priapulida, 5.23.21 UTC 08:53)

28. Rhombozoa

"Dicyemida, also known as Rhombozoa, is a phylum of tiny parasites that live in the renal appendages of cephalopods... The organism's structure is simple: a single axial cell is surrounded by a jacket of twenty ciliated cells." (Wikipedia: Dicyemida, 8.2.21 UTC 23:50)

29. Rotifera

"Some rotifers are free swimming and truly planktonic, others move by inchworming along a substrate, and some are attached to ta substrate... Rotifers are an important part of the freshwater zooplankton..." (Wikipedia: Rotifer, 6.8.21 UTC 14:44)

30. Tardigrade

"Tardigrades, known colloquially as water bears or moss piglets, are a phylum of eight-legged segmented micro-animals... Tardigrades are usually about 0.55 mm long when fully grown. They are short and plump, with four pairs of legs..." (Wikipedia: Tardigrade, 7.11.21 UTC 13:22)

31. Xenacoelomorpha

"Xenacoelomorpha is a small phylum of bilaterian invertebrate animals... While [Xenacoelomorpha] are triploblasts (meaning they have the three germ layers: ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm) they do not have a true body cavity (they lack a coelom) because they have an acoelomate body plan." (Wikipedia: Xenacoelomorpha, 8.11.21 UTC 18:43)

License: CC BY-SA 3.0

List of kingdoms of life

This post is a list of kingdoms of life. There are 7 kingdoms listed below. Source: Wikipedia

1. Eubacteria

"Bacteria are ubiquitous, mostly free-living organisms often consisting of one biological cell... Unlike cells of animals and other eukaryotes, bacterial cells do not contain a nucleus and rarely harbor membrane-bound organelles." (Wikipedia: Bacteria, 8.11.21 UTC 02:25)

2. Archaebacteria

"Archaea constitute a domain of single-celled organisms. These microorganisms lack cell nuclei and are therefore prokaryotes... Archaea possess genes and several metabolic pathways that are more closely related to those of eukaryotes, notably for the enzymes involved in transcription and translation." (Wikipedia: Archaea, 8.9.21 UTC 11:09)

3. Protozoa

"Protozoa is an informal term for a group of single-celled eukaryotes, either free-living or parasitic, that feed on organic matter such as other microorganisms or organic tissues and debris." (Wikipedia: Protozoa, 8.16.21 UTC 14:43)

4. Chromista

"Chromista is a biological kingdom consisting of single-celled and multicellular eukaryotic species that share similar features in their photosynthetic organelles (plastids). It includes all protists whose plastids contain chlorophyll..." (Wikipedia: Chromista, 6.9.21 UTC 00:42)

5. Plantae

"Plants are mainly multicellular organism, predominantly photosynthetic eukaryotes... By one definition, plants form the clade Viridiplantae, a group that includes the flowering plants, conifers and other gymnosperms, ferns and their allies, hornworts, liverworts, mosses and the green algae, but excludes the red and brown algae." (Wikipedia: Plants, 8.4.21 UTC 15:50)

6. Fungi

"A characteristic that places fungi in a different kingdom from plants, bacteria and some protists is chitin in their cell walls. Fungi, like animals are heterotrophs; they acquire their food by absorbing dissolved molecules, typically by secreting digestive enzymes into their environment. Fungi do not photosynthesize." (Wikipedia: Fungus, 8.14.21 UTC 18:42)

7. Animalia

"Animals are multicellular, eukaryotic organisms... With few exceptions, animals consume organic material, breathe oxygen, are able to move, can reproduce sexually, and go through an ontogenetic stage in which their body consists of a hollow sphere of cells, the blastula, during embryonic development." (Wikipedia: Animal, 8.11.21 UTC 18:04)

License: CC BY-SA 3.0

Collection of Bonobo songs

This post is a collection of Bonobo songs. There are 10 songs listed below alphabetically.

• Days to Come
• Dinosaurs
• Dismantling Frank
• Flutter
• Ketto
• Kiara
• Kong
• Nightlite
• The Shark
• Terrapin

Basic timeline of Kosovo

This post is a basic timeline of Kosovo. There are 30 events listed below chronologically. Source: Wikipedia

• Starcevo culture (6200 - 4500 BC)
• Vinca culture (5700 - 4500 BC)
• Hunnic invasion (5th century AD)
• Dardania kingdom (393 - 28 BC)
• Rome invades Illyria (168 BC)
• Roman Illyricum province (27 BC - 69/79 AD
• Bulgarian Empire annexes Kosovo (9th century AD)
• Byzantine Empire invades Kosovo (1018)
• Uprising of Peter Delyan (1040-1041)
• Uprising of Georgie Voyteh (1072)
• Serbian Empire occupies Kosovo (1346-11371)
• Battle of Kosovo (1389)
• Battle of Kosovo (1448)
• Albania annexes Kosovo (15th century)
• Ottoman Kosovo Vilayet (1877-1913)
• Expulsion of the Albanians (1877-1878)
• Albanian revolt of 1912
• First Balkan War (1912-1913)
• Second Balkan War (1913)
• Serbia annexes Kosovo (1913)
• Yugoslavia occupies Serbia and Kosovo (1918)
• World War II (1939-1945)
• Axis occupies Yugoslavia (1941-1945)
• Socialist Autonomous Province of Kosovo (1945-1990)
• Kosovo gains autonomy (1963)
• Kosovo loses autonomy to Serbia (1990)
• Kosovo War (1998-1999)
• Unrest in Kosovo (2004)
• Kosovo declares independence (2008)
• North Kosovo crisis (2013)

(This post includes any nation or civilization that occupied at least a portion of Kosovo at some point. Unless specified otherwise, the dates correspond to when a nation or civilization existed, but do not necessarily correspond to occupation of Kosovo.)

Basic timeline of South Sudan

This post is a basic timeline of South Sudan. There are 8 events listed below chronologically. Source: Wikipedia

• Nilotic culture (3000 BC)
• Shilluk culture (16th century)
• Azande culture (16th century)
• Equatoria is established (1870)
• First Sudanese Civil War (1955-1972)
• Second Sudanese Civil War (1983-2005)
• South Sudan gains independence (2011)
• South Sudanese Civil War (2013-2020)

(This post includes any nation or civilization that occupied at least a portion of South Sudan at some point. Unless specified otherwise, the dates correspond to when a nation or civilization existed, but do not necessarily correspond to occupation of South Sudan.)

Basic timeline of Tuvalu

This post is a basic timeline of Tuvalu. There are 11 events listed below chronologically. Source: Wikipedia

• Polynesian culture arrives (3,000 years ago)
• Tuvaluan culture (Pre-European era)
• Alvaro de Mendana de Neira reports seeing Tuvalu (1568)
• Funafuti island named Ellice's Island (1819)
• Britain and Germany claim Tuvalu (1876)
• British West Pacific Territories occupies Tuvalu (1892-1916)
• British Gilbert and Ellice Islands (1916-1974)
• Cyclone Bebe (1972)
• Tuvalu and Kiribati separate (1975)
• Tuvalu gains independence (1978)
• Cyclone Pam (2015)

(This post includes any nation or civilization that occupied at least a portion of Tuvalu at some point. Unless specified otherwise, the dates correspond to when a nation or civilization existed, but do not necessarily correspond to occupation of Tuvalu.)

Basic timeline of Nauru

This post is a basic timeline of Nauru. There are 11 events listed below. Source: Wikipedia

• Micronesian and Polynesian cultures arrive (3,000 years ago)
• British whaling ship discovers Nauru (1798)
• Nauruan Civil War (1878-1888)
• German New Guinea annexes Nauru (1888)
• Australia captures Nauru (1914)
• Britain occupies Nauru (1914-1920)
• British Phosphate Commission established (1919)
• Influenza epidemic (1921)
• Australian trustee mandate over Nauru (1923)
• Japan occupies Nauru (1942-1945)
• Nauru gains independence (1968)

(This post includes any nation or civilization that occupied at least a portion of Nauru at some point. Unless specified otherwise, the dates correspond to when a nation or civilization existed, but do not necessarily correspond to occupation of Nauru.)

Basic timeline of Palau

This post is a basic timeline of Palau. There are 9 events listed below chronologically. Source: Wikipedia

• First colonization of Palau (2,000 years ago)
• Palauan culture (Pre-European era)
• Ferdinand Magellan reports seeing Palau (1522)
• Spanish East Indies annexes Palau (1885)
• German New Guinea annexes Palau (1899)
• Japan annexes Palau (1919)
• Battle of Peleliu (1944)
• United States annexes Palau (1944)
• Palau gains independence (1994)

(This post includes any nation or civilization that occupied at least a portion of Palau at some point. Unless specified otherwise, the dates correspond to when a nation or civilization existed, but do not necessarily correspond to occupation of Palau.)

Basic timeline of San Marino

This post is a basic timeline of San Marino. There are 12 events listed below chronologically. Source: Wikipedia

• San Marino is founded (301 AD)
• San Marino self-government established (1243)
• Cesare Borgia occupies San Marino (1503)
• Fabiano di Monte San Savino attempts to conquer San Marino (1543)
• Cardinal Giulio Alberoni invades San Marino (1739)
• Constitution of San Marino (1600)
• Abraham Lincoln becomes a citizen of San Marino (1861)
• Kingdom of Italy confirms San Marino independence (1862)
• Neutral in World War I (1914-1918)
• Britain bombs San Marino (1944)
• Sammarinese Communist Party (1921-1990)
• Fatti di Rovereta constitutional crisis (1957)

(This post includes any nation or civilization that occupied at least a portion of San Marino at some point. Unless specified otherwise, the dates correspond to when a nation or civilization existed, but do not necessarily correspond to occupation of San Marino.)

Basic timeline of Monaco

This post is a basic timeline of Monaco. There are 20 events listed below chronologically. Source: Wikipedia

• First humans (30,000 years ago)
• Ligurian culture (Pre-Roman era)
• Phoenicians arrive (Pre-Roman era)
• Gallic Wars (58 - 50 BC)
• Rome annexes Monaco (50 BC)
• Ostrogothic kingdom (469 - 553 AD)
• Rome recaptures Monaco (6th century AD)
• Lombards conquers Monaco (7th century AD)
• Frankish rule of Monaco (Pre-Holy Roman Empire)
• Republic of Genoa (11th century - 1797)
• Holy Roman Empire annexes Monaco (1191)
• House of Grimaldi (1160 - now)
• Francesco Grimaldi seizes the Rock of Monaco (1297)
• Sardinia kingdom occupies Monaco (1814-1860)
• Monegasque Revolution (1910)
• Monaco succession crisis (1918)
• France agrees to protect Monaco (1918)
• Italy invades Monaco (1942)
• Germany occupies Monaco (1943-1944)
• Revised treaty with France (2002)

(This post includes any nation or civilization that occupied at least a portion of Monaco at some point. Unless specified otherwise, the dates correspond to when a nation or civilization existed, but do not necessarily correspond to occupation of Monaco.)

Basic timeline of Liechtenstein

This post is a basic timeline of Liechtenstein. There are 21 events listed below chronologically. Source: Wikipedia

• Hallstatt culture (1200 - 500 BC)
• La Tene culture (450 - 1st century BC)
• Helvetii culture (1st century BC)
• Battle of Bibracte (58 BC)
• Rome annexes Liechtenstein (58 BC)
• Roman Raetia province (15 - 476 AD)
• Alemanni culture (3rd century - 5th century AD)
• Francia (481 - 843 AD)
• East Francia (843 - 962 AD)
• Holy Roman Empire annexes Liechtenstein (~1000 AD)
• Vaduz county established (1342)
• House of Liechtenstein founded (1608)
• Thirty Years' war (1618-1648)
• Johann Adam Andreas of Liechtenstein acquires Schellenberg (1699)
• Johann Adam Andreas of Liechtenstein acquires Vaduz (1712)
• Liechtenstein becomes principality in Holy Roman Empire (1719)
• Liechtenstein gains independence (1806)
• Liechtenstein regains independence from France (1815)
• German Confederation (1815-1848, 1850-1866)
• World War I (1914-1918)
• Neutral during World War II (1935-1939)

(This post includes any nation or civilization that occupied at least a portion of Liechtenstein at some point. Unless specified otherwise, the dates correspond to when a nation or civilization existed, but do not necessarily correspond to occupation of Liechtenstein.)

Basic timeline of Saint Kitts and Nevis

This post is a basic timeline of Saint Kitts and Nevis. There are 17 events listed below chronologically. Source: Wikipedia

• Ciboney, Arawak, Taino and Carib cultures (Pre-European era)
• Christopher Columbus reports seeing Antigua and Barbuda (1493)
• British settlement in St. Kitts (1623)
• French settlement in St. Kitts (1625)
• British settlement in Nevis (1628)
• Spain invades St. Kitts (1629)
• British Leeward Islands (1671-1816, 1833-1958)
• French siege of British St. Kitts (1689)
• Earthquake and tsunami (1690)
• Britain annexes French St. Kitts (1713)
• Battle of St. Kitts (1782)
• Slavery is abolished in St. Kitts (1834)
• Cholera epidemic (1853-1854)
• San Ciriaco hurricane (1899)
• West Indies Federation (1958-1962)
• Saint Kitts and Nevis gains independence (1983)
• Hurricane Georges (1998)

(This post includes any nation or civilization that occupied at least a portion of Saint Kitts and Nevis at some point. Unless specified otherwise, the dates correspond to when a nation or civilization existed, but do not necessarily correspond to occupation of Saint Kitts and Nevis.)

Basic timeline of Marshall Islands

This post is a basic timeline of the Marshall Islands. There are 9 events listed below chronologically. Source: Wikipedia

• Micronesian culture (2nd millennium BC)
• Alonso de Salazar and Spain arrive (1526)
• Spain claims part of Marshall Islands (1874)
• German  New Guinea (1884-1914)
• Japanese South Sea Mandate (1914-1947)
• Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign (1943-1944)
• United States nuclear bomb tests (1946-1958)
• United States annexes Marshall Islands (1947)
• Marshall Islands gains independence (1979)

(This post includes any nation or civilization that occupied at least a portion of the Marshall Islands at some point. Unless specified otherwise, the dates correspond to when a nation or civilization existed, but do not necessarily correspond to occupation of the Marshall Islands.)

Basic timeline of Dominica

This post is a basic timeline of Dominica. There are 10 events listed below chronologically. Source: Wikipedia

• Arawak and Carib cultures (Pre-European era)
• Christopher Columbus and Spain arrive (1493)
• France occupies Dominica (1715-1763)
• Britain occupies Dominica (1763-1978)
• France invades Dominica (1778)
• Dominica gains independence (1978)
• Hurricane David (1979)
• Attempted coup d'état (1983)
• Tropical Storm Erika (2015)
• Hurricane Maria (2017)

(This post includes any nation or civilization that occupied at least a portion of Dominica at some point. Unless specified otherwise, the dates correspond to when a nation or civilization existed, but do not necessarily correspond to occupation of Dominica.)

Basic timeline of Andorra

This post is a basic timeline of Andorra. There are 10 events listed below chronologically. Source: Wikipedia

• Andosini culture (7th century - 2nd century BC)
• Roman influence (2nd century BC - 5th century AD)
• Visigothic kingdom (418 - 721 AD)
• Al-Andalus occupation (8th century AD)
• Francia (481 - 843 AD)
• Marca Hispanica established by Charlemagne (795 AD)
• Andorra gains independence (1278)
• Andorran Revolution (1933)
• France occupies Andorra (1933)
• Constitutional referendum (1993)

(This post includes any nation or civilization that occupied at least a portion of Andorra at some point. Unless specified otherwise, the dates correspond to when a nation or civilization existed, but do not necessarily correspond to occupation of Andorra.)

Basic timeline of Seychelles

This post is a basic timeline of Seychelles. There are 10 events listed below chronologically. Source: Wikipedia

• Vasco de Gama and Portugal arrive (1503)
• British East India Company arrives (1609)
• Frances annexes Seychelles (1756)
• Britain annexes Seychelles (1811)
• Slavery is abolished in Seychelles (1835)
• Seychelles gains independence (1976)
• Coup d'état (1977)
• Single-party state (1971-1991)
• Attempted coup d'état (1981)
• Constitution amended to allow multiple parties (1991)

(This post includes any nation or civilization that occupied at least a portion of Seychelles at some point. Unless specified otherwise, the dates correspond to when a nation or civilization existed, but do not necessarily correspond to occupation of Seychelles.)

Basic timeline of Antigua and Barbuda

This post is a basic timeline of Antigua and Barbuda. There are 12 events listed below chronologically. Source: Wikipedia

• Archaic, Arawakan and Carib cultures (Pre-European era)
• Christopher Columbus reports seeing Antigua and Barbuda (1493)
• British Antigua and Barbuda Colony (1632-1981)
• France invades Antigua and Barbuda (1661)
• Slave revolt (1701)
• Slave revolt (1729)
• Slave revolt (1736)
• Slavery is abolished in Antigua and Barbuda (1834)
• West Indies Federation (1958-1962)
• Antigua and Barbuda gains independence (1981)
• Hurricane Luis (1995)
• Hurricane Irma (2017)

(This post includes any nation or civilization that occupied at least a portion of Antigua and Barbuda at some point. Unless specified otherwise, the dates correspond to when a nation or civilization existed, but do not necessarily correspond to occupation of Antigua and Barbuda.)

Basic timeline of Tonga

This post is a basic timeline of Tonga. There are 10 events listed below chronologically. Source: Wikipedia

• Lapita culture arrives (900 BC)
• Polynesian Plain Ware period (700 BC - 400 AD)
• Tu'i Tonga Empire (10th century - 1865 AD)
• Abel Tasman and Netherlands arrive (1643)
• Captain Cook and England arrive (18th century)
• Tonga civil war begins (1799)
• Tu'i Kanokupolu unites Tonga (1845)
• British Kingdom of Tonga (1900-1970)
• Tonga gains independence (1970)
• Nuku'alofa riots (2006)

(This post includes any nation or civilization that occupied at least a portion of Tonga at some point. Unless specified otherwise, the dates correspond to when a nation or civilization existed, but do not necessarily correspond to occupation of Tonga.)

Basic timeline of Micronesia

This post is a basic timeline of Micronesia. There are 10 events listed below chronologically. Source: Wikipedia

• Austronesian culture arrives (4,000 years ago)
• Yapese Empire (1000 BC)
• Saudeleur dynasty (1100-1628)
• Portuguese and Spanish navigators arrive (16th century)
• Germany annexes Micronesia (1899)
• Sokehs rebellion (1910-1911)
• Japan occupies Micronesia (1914)
• Operation Hailstone (1944)
• United Nations Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands (1947-1994)
• Micronesia gains independence (1979)

(This post includes any nation or civilization that occupied at least a portion of Micronesia at some point. Unless specified otherwise, the dates correspond to when a nation or civilization existed, but do not necessarily correspond to occupation of Micronesia.)

Basic timeline of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

This post is a basic timeline of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines. There are 11 events listed below chronologically. Source: Wikipedia

• Ciboney, Arawak and Carib cultures (Pre-European era)
• Christopher Columbus reports seeing Grenada (1498)
• Britain claims St. Vincent (1627)
• French settlement in St. Vincent (1719)
• Britain annexes St. Vincent (1763)
• France captures Saint Vincent (1779)
• Second Carib War (1795-1797)
• Windward Islands hurricane (1898)
• Soufriere volcanic eruption (1902)
• West Indies Federation (1958-1962)
• St. Vincent and the Grenadines gain independence (1979)

(This post includes any nation or civilization that occupied at least a portion of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines at some point. Unless specified otherwise, the dates correspond to when a nation or civilization existed, but do not necessarily correspond to occupation of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.)

Basic timeline of Grenada

This post is a basic timeline of Grenada. There are 17 events listed below chronologically. Source: Wikipedia

• Carib and Arawakan cultures (Pre-European era)
• Christopher Columbus reports seeing Grenada (1498)
• British settlement in Grenada (1609)
• French settlement in Grenada (1649)
• Netherlands captures Grenada (1650)
• Britain captures Grenada (1762)
• Battle of Grenada (1779)
• Fedon's rebellion (1795)
• British Windward Islands (1833-1959)
• Slavery is abolished in Grenada (1883)
• Hurricane Janet (1955)
• West Indies Federation (1958-1962)
• Grenada gains independence (1974)
• Coup d'état (1979)
• Coup d'état (1983)
• United States invades Grenada (1983)
• Hurricane Ivan (2004)

(This post includes any nation or civilization that occupied at least a portion of Grenada at some point. Unless specified otherwise, the dates correspond to when a nation or civilization existed, but do not necessarily correspond to occupation of Grenada.)

Basic timeline of Kiribati

This post is a basic timeline of Kiribati. There are 7 events listed below chronologically. Source: Wikipedia

• Austronesian culture arrives (Pre-European era)
• Pedro Fernandes de Queiros and Portugal arrive (1606)
• British Gilbert and Ellice Islands (1892-1976)
• Japan occupies Gilbert Islands (1941-1943)
• Battle of Tarawa (1943)
• British Gilbert Islands (1976-1979)
• Kiribati gains independence (1979)

(This post includes any nation or civilization that occupied at least a portion of Kiribati at some point. Unless specified otherwise, the dates correspond to when a nation or civilization existed, but do not necessarily correspond to occupation of Kiribati.)

Basic timeline of Saint Lucia

This post is a basic timeline of Saint Lucia. There are 9 events listed below chronologically. Source: Wikipedia

• Arawak culture arrives (200 - 400 AD)
• Carib culture arrives (800 AD)
• European navigators arrive (16th century)
• France and Britain alternate occupation of Saint Lucia (17th century - 19th century)
• Great Hurricane of 1780
• British Windward Islands occupy Saint Lucia (1838-1885)
• West Indies Federation (1958-1962)
• United Kingdom occupies Saint Lucia (1967-1979)
• Saint Lucia gains independence (1979)

(This post includes any nation or civilization that occupied at least a portion of Saint Lucia at some point. Unless specified otherwise, the dates correspond to when a nation or civilization existed, but do not necessarily correspond to occupation of Saint Lucia.)

Basic timeline of Samoa

This post is a basic timeline of Samoa. There are 9 events listed below chronologically. Source: Wikipedia

• Austronesia culture arrives (4th millennium BC)
• Samoan culture (Pre-European era)
• European navigators arrive (18th century)
• Samoan Civil War (1886-1894)
• Second Samoan Civil War (1898-1899)
• German Samoa (1900-1919)
• United States annexes Tutuila and Manu'a (1900)
• Spanish Flu infects Samoa (1918)
• New Zealand Western Samoa Trust Territory (1914-1962)
• Samoa gains independence (1962)

(This post includes any nation or civilization that occupied at least a portion of Samoa at some point. Unless specified otherwise, the dates correspond to when a nation or civilization existed, but do not necessarily correspond to occupation of Samoa.)

Basic timeline of São Tomé and Príncipe

This post is a basic timeline of São Tomé and Príncipe. There are 9 events listed below chronologically. Source: Wikipedia

• Portuguese navigators arrive (15th century)
• Portuguese São Tomé and Príncipe (1485-1975)
• Portugal rules São Tomé (1522)
• Portugal rules Príncipe (1573)
• Netherlands invades São Tomé and Príncipe (1641)
• Slavery is abolished in São Tomé and Príncipe (1876)
• Batepá massacre (1953)
• São Tomé and Príncipe gains independence (1975)
• Military coup d'état (2003)

(This post includes any nation or civilization that occupied at least a portion of São Tomé and Príncipe at some point. Unless specified otherwise, the dates correspond to when a nation or civilization existed, but do not necessarily correspond to occupation of São Tomé and Príncipe.)

Basic timeline of Barbados

This post is a basic timeline of Barbados. There are 7 events listed below chronologically. Source: Wikipedia

• Arawak and Carib cultures (Pre-European Era)
• Spanish slave raids (16th century)
• England claims Barbados (1625)
• African slaves arrive (17th century - 18th century)
• Slavery is abolished in Barbados (1834)
• West Indies Federation (1958-1962)
• Barbados gains independence (1966)

(This post includes any nation or civilization that occupied at least a portion of Barbados at some point. Unless specified otherwise, the dates correspond to when a nation or civilization existed, but do not necessarily correspond to occupation of Barbados.)

Basic timeline of Vanuatu

This post is a basic timeline of Vanuatu. There are 10 events listed below chronologically. Source: Wikipedia

• Austronesian culture arrives (3,300 years ago)
• Pedro Fernandes de Queiros and Spain arrive (1606)
• Louis Antoine de Bougainville and France arrive (1768)
• Captain Cook and Britain arrive (1774)
• Anglo-French Joint Naval Commission (1887-1889, 1890-1906)
• Franceville, New Hebrides (1889-1890)
• British-French New Hebrides (1906-1980)
• Coconut War (1980)
• Vanuatu gains independence (1980)
• Attempted coup d'état (1996)

(This post includes any nation or civilization that occupied at least a portion of Vanuatu at some point. Unless specified otherwise, the dates correspond to when a nation or civilization existed, but do not necessarily correspond to occupation of Vanuatu.)